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C1.1 - Fundamental ideas in Chemistry (The Periodic Table (Group 1…
C1.1 - Fundamental ideas in Chemistry
Atoms
Sub-atomic particles
Protons
- Make up the nucleus (with neutrons). They also have a positive charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1
Neutrons
- Make up the nucleus (with protons). They also have a neutral charge of 0 and a relative mass of 1
Electrons
- Surround the nucleus in rings of 2, 8, 8, 8...They also have a negative charge of -1 and a relative mass of 0 (or 1/2000)
The amount of
electrons
in the shells are
equal
to the amount of
protons
in the atom's
nucleus
The Periodic Table
Atomic number is the amount of protons the element contains
Group 7 elements
are Halogens
Mass number is the amount of protons (equal to electrons) and neutrons the element contains
Group 1 elements
are alkali metals
Alkali
metals
reactive
quite violently with
water
to form a
metal hydroxide
and
hydrogen
Lithium
burns a
red
flame,
potassium
burns a
lilac
flame and
sodium
burns an
orange-red
flame
Group 8 elements
(or group 0) are called noble gases because they all have full outer shells and are don't react and are 'stable'
Elements
are placed in
groups
(1-8) depending on how many electrons are in their outer shells, for example Oxygen is a group 6 element because it has only 6 electrons in it's outer shell
Chemical Reactions
Ionic Bonds
Is where a
metal
and a
non-meta
l
react
and form a
compound
made up of
ions
. The
metal
atom
loses
electrons
which form
positively
charged
ions
, whilst the
non-metal
atom
gain
those
electrons
which become
negatively
charged
ions
Force
of the
oppositely
attracted
ions
is the
ionic
bond
Covalent
Where
only non-metals
(made up of molecules) bond to form
compounds
. The
atoms
in the
molecules
are
joined
together with
covalent
bonds, which are formed when atoms
share
electrons