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C1.3: Metals :airplane_departure: :electric_plug: (Properties (Strong…
C1.3: Metals
:airplane_departure: :electric_plug:
Extraction Methods
Reduction with carbon
Displacement reaction
For metals less reactive than carbon
Electrolysis
Current through solution
Also used to purify copper
Bioleaching
Using bacteria to separate copper from copper sulfide
Bacteria produce
leachate
Phytominimg
Plants grown in copper-rich soil
Plants are burned, copper oxide in the ashes
Impacts of Extraction
Pros
metals make useful products
provides locals with jobs
Cons
often noise pollution
scars landsape
mine shafts can be dangerous
Recycling
uses a fraction of the energy needed to extract
conserves fossil fuels
conserves metal resources
cuts down on landfill
Properties
Shiny
Strong
Used for bridges
High melting/boiling point
High density
Malleable
Used for car bodies
Conducts heat/electricity
Used for saucepans and wires
Alloys
Steel
Iron + carbon
High carbon - cutting tools and bridges
Stainless (chromium) - cutlery and containers
Low carbon - used for car bodies
Bronze
Copper + tin
Cupronickel
Copper + nickel