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Task 1 Critical Thinking (Core critical thinking skills (Interpretation
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Task 1 Critical Thinking
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Biases
System 1
availability, affect, association, simulation (imagining how scenarios will unfold), and similarity (thinking someone is similar to someone else thus what happens to one = more likely to happen to other) heuristic
System 2
satisficing, risk/loss aversion, anchoring with adjustment, and the illusion of control (overestimation of how much control in a specific situation we think we have) + hindsight bias (over-estimate the influence our actions have had on events when things go right, or we may underestimate our responsibility or culpability when things go wrong)
dominance structure
--> after using a method / strategy / thinking / structure that worked for people they tend to elevate its effectiveness and to see flaws with it in a reduced manner so that this strategy / thinking used seems more effective than other methods / strategies even though it is not
IDEAS
Identify, Determine, Enumerate, Assess, Scruntinize
Identify
IDENTIFY the Problem and Set Priorities #
Enumerate
ENUMERATE Options and Anticipate Consequence #
Determine
DETERMINE Relevant Information and Deepen Understanding #
Assess
ASSESS the Situation and Make a Preliminary Decision #
Scrutinize
SCRUTINIZE the Process and Self-Correct as Needed #
Fallacies
--> list them all :3 !! its good to know and essential really
--> also add the ways we can make sure something is not a fallacy / valid argumentation / conclusion (same ereader :3 !!)
Argument maps
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Premises
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Independent premises (convergent/chained)
--> more than one premise attached to one conclusion independently (convergent)
--> one premise supports the other (the more support / the longer the chain the stronger argument becomes :D!!)
Dependent premises / co-premise
--> is a syllogism! so more than just one premise attached to a conclusion (in support or to object but they depend on each other to give a valid conclusion!
--> each on their own do not support or refute the conclusion and are not valid ! #
Rules for mapping!
Golden rule!
--> assumes that every premise has a underlying assumption attached to it which is basically a second premise!
Each argument consists of at least two or more co-premises (so a syllogism!)
--> so it has to follow the logic of a syllogism :D!!
e.g. netherlands has to provide asylum to X because X published a illegal magazine and was threthened ot be hanged
--> implies that if someone is threatened to be hanged cause of free speach they have the right to be granted asylum
--> hence its really a syllogism / depndent/copremise!
All A are B
All B are C
All A are C
--> A(netherlands have to grant asylum )to B (X)
B(X) C(used free speech to publish illegal magazine and was threathenet to be hanged)
A (Netherlands should provide asylum) cause C (cause he published and was threatned )
--> explains why just because he published a book he should be helped cause everyone that was threatened to be hanged because they exercised free speech should get grated asylum
Rabbit Rule
--> every significant part of the conclusion / contention should be explained in one of the attached premises !
--> it (conclusion) cant jsut be magically pulled out of the hat like a wizard pulls out a bunny form nothing :3 !!
Holding hands rule
--> means that A are B is followed by B are C and then by A are C
--> if co-premise / dependent premise/ syllogism, something mentioned in one premise BUT NOT THE CONCLUSION/Contention must be picked up by another premise within that co-premise
--> this ensures your two premises in a co-premise are actually connected with each other (even when not connected through conclusion etc :3 !!)
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Refuttal
--> when a counterargument / objection is rejected with an argument!
--> so as long as the objection to the objection (refutation) is valid the first objection can be ignored
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