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Chemistry - Atomic Structure (Atomic number, mass number and isotopes (All…

- - - - First, the substance is vaporised, and a beam of electrons is fired at it to displace an electron, and so the element becomes an ion. Some energetic electrons lose 2 electrons.
      - Then it hits an electric field with fixed strength. This accelerates the ions, so all ions with the same charge have the same kinetic energy, and are travelling at the same speed.
      - In the ion drift, the ions will have 2 variables, their mass and their charge. This is the m/z ratio. The m/z ratio affects the time taken for the ion to cross the ion drift, but there is no acceleration here. Heavier ions move slower, as do those with a smaller charge. The time taken to reach the ion detector is the flight time.
      - In the ion detector, the ions are distinguished by the flight time. Each peak on the spectrum in related to the m/z ratio of the ion. The size of the peak shows the abundance of the ion in the sample.
- - - - Then because you aren't filling any sub shells from aluminium to phosphorus, the FIE constantly increase..
        
        Then as you add the electron for sulfur, you fill a 3p orbital and the electrons repel each other. This means that the FIE drops slightly. Finally, chlorine and argon have the same effect as silicon and phosphorus,