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Vital Signs (temperature (temperature varies on (recent activity, food and…
Vital Signs
temperature
oral
glass thermometer
digital thermometer
by mouth
rectal
taken rectally
glass or digital thermometer
may be slightly higher than orally
axillary
taken under arm
glass or digital thermometer
tend to be slightly lower than orally
ear
special thermometer quickly measures ear drum temperature
ear drum temperature reflects bodys temperature
skin
special thermometer
quickly measures temperature of skin on forehead
temperature varies on
recent activity
food and fluid consumption
gender
time of day
menstrual cycle
healthy adults average temperature
36.5-37.2 C
high temperature
fever
low temperature
hypothermia
pulse
measurement of the heart rate
heart beats per minute
indicates heart rhythm and pulse strength
can be found on side of neck
inside of elbow
at the wrist
normal pulse for healthy adults
60-100 beats per minute
can be affected by excercise
illness
injury
emotion
females over 12 usually have faster rate than males
athletes may have low rates (40/min)
blood pressure
measured with blood pressure cuff and stethoscope
force of blood pushing against artery walls
records two numbers
higher number (systolic pressure)
pressure inside artery when heart contracts
lower number (diastolic pressure)
pressure inside artery when hearts at rest
high blood pressure (hypertension)
increases risk of coronary heart disease
140 or more over 90 or more
normal blood pressure (adults)
120 or less over 60 or less
respiratory rate and pulse oximetry
number of breaths per minute
usually measured at rest
number of times the chest rise
may increase with fever or illness
normal rate for an adult
12-16 breaths per minute
detect or monitor medical problems