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Right and Wrong (Ethics (Metaethics (Issues (emotion vs. reason (emotivism…

- - - - egoism vs. altruism
      - emotion vs. reason
        
        emotivism
        
        e.g. Hume
        
        moral assessment only trough emotions, no reason
        
        rationalism
        
        e.g. Baier
        
        moral assessment through reason only
  - - - Virtue Theory
        
        more emphasis on good habits of character rather then learning normative rules
        
        Aristotle: 11 virtues
        
        Christian theological virtues
        
        faith, hope & charity
      - Consequences
        
        Consequentialism
        
        cost-benefit analysis/end analysis (telos)
        
        Ethical altruism
        
        cost-benefit favourable for others
        
        Utilitarianism
        
        cost-benefit favourable for all
        
        Betham's system
        
        act utilitarianism
        
        1 more item...
        
        hedonistic utilitarianism
        
        1 more item...
        
        Ethical egoism
        
        cost-benefit favourable for me
      - Rules
        
        Duty Theory
        
        principles of obligation
        
        Pufendorf
        
        duties to oneself
        
        duties to others
        
        duties to God
        
        Rights theory (Locke)
        
        life, liberty & pursuit of happiness
        
        Categorical Imperative (Kant)
        
        Treat people as an end, and never as a means to an end.
        
        independent from desires
        
        deontological/nonconsequentialis
      - e.g. Golden Rule
      - regulation of right and wrong conduct
- - - - Reciprocity
        
        people feel ought to return favours
        
        reciprocal concession
        
        door-in-the-face technique
        
        that's-not-all technique
      - Social Validation
        
        willingness to comply if others allegedly already did something
        
        list technique
        
        social-labelling technique
      - Commitment/Consistency
        
        after commitment made, people comply for consistency
        
        foot-in-the-door technique
        
        bait-and-switch technique
        
        even-a-penny-would-help technique
        
        low-ball technique
        
        especially if active, effortful and public & perceived as internally motivated
        
        stressing performance to be in line with commitment (technique)
      - Friendship & Liking
        
        praise
        
        physical attractiveness
        
        similarity
        
        compliments
        
        cooperation/companionship
        
        willingness to comply when liking the requesting person
      - Scarcity
        
        willingness to comply if scarcity increases subjective value of something
        
        limited-number technique
        
        deadline technique
      - Authority
        
        willingness to follow suggestion of authority
        
        e.g. white coat actor
        
        bank examiner scheme