value judgements
are they important in themselves? If they stay in our head do they matter?
action
judgement = a conclusion reached through reasoning
is using reason a mark of a 'good' person
only meaningful when they lead to action? #
we can judge people by what they do
judgements based on values - #
personal characteristics
we can judge people by what they are
I 'judge' that this person is worth offering 1:1 / giving a liver transplant / saving from Syria
What personal characteristics do we value?
potential?
goodness?
innocence?
usefulness?
past contributions?
Is it 'fair' to include personal characteristics in a judgement?
yes
no - you can be instinctively good
types of action
reactive attitudes
value rationality
affective action
traditional action
rational action
what is fairness?
Should it involve fairness?
Is it "fair" to include actions in a judgement?
intent?
may poison us, even if they are not externalised / put into action
utilitarian reasoning
can we ever know another's true intentions?
is outcome more important than intent? #
is fairness the same as equality?
Should it involve justice?
is justice about being treated equally
can have an 'evil' judgement based on reasoning
has to be done within a moral framework
what if your moral framework is dodgy? (Huck Finn)
Do we need more than reason?
empathy? Common Humanity?
there might be an outcome we cannot see
is justice the same as fairness?
from each ...to each
the word judgement includes the notion of reason
not a value judgement using the criteria of reasoning
not a VJ using the criteria of values
not a VJ using either criteria - rasoned or moral framework / values
So - is this the key? MORE RESEARCH NEEDED HERE!
*sound judgements are formed through a critical dialogue between reason and values