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Cell Replication: Change in cells as they grow and divide (Mitosis (To…
Cell Replication
: Change in cells as they grow and divide
Meiosis
To make gametes AKA homologous chromosomes (23 chromosomes)
Crossing over occurs when homologous chromosomes exchange DNA
Problems can lead to birth defects
4 haploid daughter cells
Happens ONCE
Sexual reproduction
Mitosis
To make somatic cells (46 chromosomes)
Problems can lead to cancer
2 diploid daughter cells
Happens TWICE
Speeding up of mitosis = cancer
Slowing down of mitosis = aging
Asexual reproduction
Interphase
DNA copies, cell grows (before prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase start)
Not part of mitotic cycle
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divides AKA cytoplasmic division (and organelles split up after prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
Not part of mitotic cycle
Anaphase
When sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers, which are anchored by centrioles in the cell
Sister chromatids are held together by a joining structure called the centromere
Prophase
Sister chromatids pair up
Telophase
TWO nuclei formed
Cleavage furrow may appear if the cell is an animal cell
Metaphase
Sister chromatids line up in the middle