Organizational Defensive Routines (Argyris, Chris)

Undiscussables

"The elephant in the room"

Unilateral Control Model (Diana McLain Smith at Action Design)

Main concern is self-interest and self-preservation

Aim is to win, not to lose

No room for differences

Double-Loop Learning (Argyris and Schon)

First Loop: Rapid-Fire Approach to Solving Problems

Second Loop: Takes into account "the thinking, values, and assumptions behind all the actions" (p. 19)

Implementing Double-Loop Learning

Left-Hand Column (LHC)

Created to reflect on our thinking after the fact.

In the right-hand column, you write what is said

In the left-hand column, you write what you thought and felt, but didn't say

The Ladder of Inference (Inductive Reasoning)

Each rung of the ladder represents a step in interpreting data and coming up with a conclusion

1)Select Data

2) Interpret Data

3) Draw a Conclusion

Advocacy and Inquiry

Advocacy: Ladder of Inference in Action

Inquiry: Skill of asking well-crafted questions to discover more information

Ideas are agile and innovative

Clear communication

Increased levels of shared understanding

Faster correction of errors

Drawing info. from more perspectives

Broader group learning