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Rivers (geography) (River terms (source (where river begins), course (teh…

- - - - valley has a narrow floor and steep sides
    - - wider floor and the sides are more gently sloping
    - - wide, flat floor and gentle sides
- - - - hydraulic action
        
        force of water erodes bank and bed
      - abrasion
        
        stones picked up knocked against river bank and bed
      - attrition
        
        pebbles rub against each other and worn down
      - solution
        
        rocks are dissolved by water
  - - - particles float along
    - - particles are dissolved
    - - particles are rolled
- - - - discharge = flows of water
- - - - must be transporting large amount of sediment
      - small tidal range and weak currents
      - sea must be shallow at river mouth
- - - - early settlers used rivers to transport goods
      - Limerick with port function
      - River Rhine important transport route
    - - anglers like rivers like Moy for salmon
    - - settlements along river banks, provide water, food and transport
    - - cruising on rivers, Carrick-on-Shannon and Athlone on Shannon famous tourist destinations
    - - human interaction responsible for flooding
      - cutting trees = surface run off and soil erosion, more deposition river breaks banks
    - - Farming
        
        slurry seeps into rivers causing death of fish
      - Domestic
        
        Waste material from septic tank seep into rivers
      - Industrial waste
        
        factory dumps waste, pollution, poisoned fish, birds and animals nearby
    - - built using dams, positive and negative effects
      - effects
        
        Positive
        
        HEP turbines, harness power of water, renewable energy
        
        Reservoir provides water supply
        
        reservoir used for leisure activities
        
        negative
        
        reservoir creation = loss of farmland
        
        families relocated
        
        new roads and bridges to be made
        
        fish stock affected, restriction on swimming upstream
      - Inniscarra, Co. Cork
        
        Location: Inniscarra, and Carrigadrohid, Co. Cork Technology: Hydro Capacity: 27 Megawatts per hour Commissioned: 1957
        
        Inniscarra Dam constructed in 1950s due to Lee Hydroelectric Scheme, located west of Ballincollig, buttress dam, height of 44 m
        
        reservoir also Inniscarra lakee, two reservoirs in Lee valley from the scheme, 1956 Lee valley flooded to create reservoirs for electricity generation, reservoir runs from dam to Carrigdrohid reservoir
        
        occupies 530 hectare / 5km2 40 km of bank area to be fished, much development of angling facilities
- - - - steep sided valley shaped like V
      - river flows down from source
      - vertical erosion occurs, hydraulic action
      - erosion creates deep narrow valley
      - material carried downstream
      - mechanical weathering and mass movement also weather valley
      - E.g. upper course River Liffey, River Lee, River Moy
    - - areas of high ground that jut out at both sides of V-shaped valley
      - erosion in upper river, river flows around areas of hard rock (spurs)
      - vertical erosion continues
      - creates interlocking spurs, look like sip
      - e.g. upper course River Barrow and River Slaney
    - - vertical drop in youthful stage
      - river flows over hard rock above weaker rock, weaker rock erodes first creates drop or vertical fall
      - fall increases in size, plunge pool at base
      - plunge pool enlarges over time, hydraulic action, abrasion cause undercutting of waterfall
      - undercutting creates overhang, gravity cause overhang to fall
      - this process repeats and repeats, waterfall retreats upstream
      - e.g Torc Waterfall Killarney, Ashleigh near Leenane Co Mayo