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Classical Period (c.600 B.C.E. to c.600 C.E.) (Mediterranean (Greek City…
Classical Period
(c.600 B.C.E. to c.600 C.E.)
Southwest Asia
Achaemenid (Persia)
Interactions
conquered by Alexander the Great
created the Royal Road
centered in modern Iran
Political
Cyrus the Great
Military Genius
conquered entire fertile crescent
died in battle
Persian King
honored local customs
respected all religions
Darius
expanded empire by 500 mi.
couldn't conquer Greece
Persian Wars
sparked decline
over-extended empire was weak
weakend Greece
Culture
Religion
Zoroastrianism
montheistic
moralistic (Good v. Evil)
tolearnt of other religions
Parthian
Interactions
rivals to Rome
defeated what was left of Alexander's empire
Mediterranean
Phoenician City-States
Economy
specialized in luxury goods
Cinnamon
Roses
Diamonds
Purple Dye
Interactions
intersted in trade
Culture
Phoenician alphabet
Rome
Interactions
took over Greece
vast road network
aqueducts
Culture
Adopted from Greek Culture
architecture
philosphy
literature
Greek gods with Roman names
temples
monuments
Politics
Republic
Julius Ceaser
Empire
Augustus
Greek City-States
Political
Athens
monarchy
aristocracy
tyrants
democracy
sparta
totalitarian
military oligarchy
Thebes
monarchy
Culture
Polytheistic
Philosopy
Socrates
Aristotle
Plato
Hellenic
Sculptures
Drama
Architecture
Social
culturally diverse
Economy
Trade
barley
olive trees
grapes
Interactions
Persian Wars
Greek city states v. Persian empire
Peloponnesian War
Athens v. Sparta
Sparta wins
King of Macedonia conquers much of Greece
Alexander the Great
Became King at 20
Unified Greece
Took over Persian Empire
took over Egypt
took over India
Died in Babylon
Cultural Syncretism
philosophy
literature
architecture
art
East Asia
Han
Interactions
Pax Sinica
400 years of prosperity
Dug canals
connected north and south china
Political
Overthrew the Qin Dynaty
Officials had to take a civil service exam
believed in mandate of heaven
Economy
trade
important export: silk
Social
ordinary, free citizens
under class (servants & slaves)
scholar genry
mandarins=well educated civil servants
merchants (low status)
Culture
inventions
compass
gunpowder
iron drill bits
paper & printed books
silk
innovations
new canals
complex irrigation systems
crop fertilization
veterinary medicine
better road ways
Qin
Interactions
united warring states
started building the great wall of china
dug canals and built roads
Culture
religion
taoism
confuacianism
buddhism
censored and burned books
no writing about past
Political
legalism
strict govenment
crime=severe punishments
centralized
Shi Huangdi
buried in a palace
giant Terra Cotta army
cruel tyrant
returned China to dynastic ruling
used forced labor
most complex beauracracy
Economy
tax on landowners
universal system of weights and measures
standardized coins
Social
only educated men could run for office
South Asia
Mauryan Empire
Political
Centralized Government
Asoka
Acquired land though battle
Kalinga
very violent battle
caused Asoka to realize violence is bad
Buddhist Convert
Spread Buddhism in India
Interactions
Spanned from Modern Pakistan through almost the southern tip of India
Social
Varna (Caste System)
Kshatriya
Vaishya
Brahmins
Shudra
Culture
Religions
Hinduism
Buddhism
Gupta Empire
Interactions
located in northern India
Collected tribute from neighboring countries
Culture
chess
medical advances
Political
Beauracracy was not rebuilt
elite warriors got power
Economy
arabic numerals
zero
Social
Mesoamerica and Andean Civilization
Maya
located in central america and southern Mexico
complex mathematical equations
Studied the stars
Wrote down and recorded
history
religious beleifs
astronomical observations
agriculure
irrigation
terracing
close connection between political and religous leaders
human sacrifice
influenced regional trade
Moche
Andes Mountains in Peru
governed by warrior priests
skilled craftsmen on
jewelry making
gold
pottery
practiced human sacrifice
traded
built pyramids
Teotihuacán
North of Mayan civilization
Complex Beauracracy
architecture
pyramids
reservoirs
apartment complexes
warred and traded with Maya