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Research Methods (Data types (Quantitative (Numerical data usually…

- - - - Advantage
        
        Participant variables are kept constant
        
        Cheaper because less participants
      - Disadvantage
        
        Order effects may occur due to participant preconceptions
        
        Demand characteristics may occur as the participants become more able to guess the aim of the study
  - - - Advantage
        
        No order effects and less demand characteristics
      - Disadvantage
        
        Participant variables are less extraneous
        
        More expensive because more participants
  - - - Advantage
        
        Participant variables are kept more constant between conditions
        
        Order effects do not occur
        
        Demand characteristics are less of a problem
      - Disadvantage
        
        Participant variables can never be matched in every respect
        
        Matching participants is time consuming
        
        More expensive because more participants are needed
- - - - Selecting participants that are easily obtainable
    - - Allocates participants from the population of interest in such a way that any member has a chance of being selected
    - - Selecting separate samples from each group in the population to make a more representative sample of the population
    - - Method of experimental control used to place participants into groups equally without bias
- - - - If the results are significant then they are supporting the hypothesis
        
        A p value represents the probability level which forms the basis for deciding whether chance factors are responsible for the results obtained
        
        p = 0.05 means the probability of this difference would occur by chance alone is less than 5%
        
        So if p is set at <0.05 and the experiment finds a p value of p=0.02 then the difference is statistically significant and the hypothesis is supported
        
        This means the probability was less or equal to 5 in 100 that the results were due to chance
        
        If the experimenter finds a p value of p-=0.06 then the difference is not statistically significant and there would be a null hypothesis
        
        A significant result is one where there is a low probability that chance factors were responsible for any observed difference
        
        A 0.05 significance level occurs when the probability that chance is five or fewer times in a 100 repetitions in the research