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Post Classical (Islam (Medina (Town became refuge for Muhammad following…

- - - - Use floating gardens called chinampas
      - Grew maize and other staples
    - - Tribute System
        
        Conquered people have to pay tribute
        
        Food
        
        Cloth
        
        Firewood
        
        Jewelry
        
        Surrender lands
        
        Perform military service
      - Administartion
        
        Grouped city-states into provinces
        
        Warriors make sure province is under control
      - Theocracy
    - - Great Speaker - political ruler
        
        Land owning nobels
        
        Scribes and healers
        
        Craftspeople and traders
        
        Peasants and soldiers
        
        Slaves
      - Women Roles
        
        Few women know how to read and write
    - - Intricate and complex
      - Human sacrafices
      - Different Gods
      - Culture
        
        365 day calander
    - - Traded as far north as San Luis Obispo
      - As far south as Costa Rica
      - Along Pacific coast
      - Gulf and Caribbean Sea
  - - - Pachuacuti
        
        Yupanqui
        
        Huayna Capac
    - - Mandatory public service
    - - Waru Waru
        
        Raised beds with channels
      - Carpa Nan
        
        Highway
      - Quipu
        
        Math system
  - - - Built earthen mounds
      - Live in large towns
        
        Cahokia - largest town
      - Artwork and Manufacturers
        
        Clay pottery
        
        Engraved shells
        
        Goods made from stone, leather, wood, feather, and copper
      - Religion
        
        Practiced animism
        
        Priests were thought to communicate with the spirits and serve as healers
        
        Beliefs prohibited warfare among their own settlement
    - - Grew
        
        Squash
        
        Beans
        
        Corn
        
        Tobacco
    - - Class Structure
        
        Great Sun - chief
        
        Priests and nobles
        
        Commons
      - Gender Roles
        
        Women farm and men hunt
      - Matrilineal society
        
        Social standing is determined on woman's side of the family
    - - Cahokia abandoned around 1450
      - Theory posits that flooding or weather extremes
      - Another theory suggests diseases from Europeans
- - - - West had gold but no salt
      - North had salt but no gold
      - Attracted Muslim merchants
        
        Cultural diffusion
      - Camels alloed trade through desert
  - - - Family based
  - - - Mali Empire
        
        Mansa Musa
        
        Musa dies and empire declines
        
        Songhai kingdom took over and became empire
        
        Largest west African empire
        
        One of wealthiest king
- - - - Church considered one of the most perfect buildings
    - - Arena
  - - - What many Slaivic languages are now written in
- - - - converted kingdom to Christianity
- - - - Prophet, spoken to by angel Gabriel, started Islam
    - - Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia
  - - - confession of faith
      - zakat
      - fasting during Ramadan
      - ,prayer
      - hajj
  - - - Group of Mulsims who believe that Caliphs should assume authority from genetic lineage
    - - Group of Muslims who believe that the Caliphs should be chosen by an election
- - - - In return, Vassal would supply soldiers whenever the lord needed them
- - - - First emperor
    - - Buddhism
    - - Empress
  - - - Footbinding
    - - Capital
    - - Rice that produced more
  - - - Connect Yellow to Yangtze
  - - - First Emperor