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Section 2: How Elements Bond (Sodium- soft, silvery metal, Reacts…
Section 2: How Elements Bond
Sodium- soft, silvery metal
Reacts violently when added to water or to chlorine
Atoms form bonds with other atoms using the electrons in their outer energy levels.
4 ways for atoms to bond are by losing electrons, by gaining electrons, by pooling electrons, and by sharing electrons with another element
By removing one electron, sodium's electrons configuration becomes the same as that of the stable noble gas neon.
A sodium atom loses an electron and becomes more stable.
By losing an electron, the balance of electric charges changes.
Sodium becomes a positively charged ion because there is now one fewer electron than there are protons in the nucleus.
Chlorine becomes an ion by gaining an electron
It becomes negatively charged because there is one more electron than there are protons in the nucleus
An atom that is no longer a neutral because it has lost or gained an electron is called an ion.
The positive sodium ion and the negative chloride ion are strongly attracted to each other.
Which holds the ions close together, is a type of chemical bond called an ionic bond.
A compound is a pure substance containing two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
Magnesium can lose these two electrons and achieve a completed energy level.
The element magnesium in group 2 has two electrons in its outer energy level.
The two negatively charged chloride ions are attracted to the positively charged magnesium ion forming ionic bonds.
Metallic bonds form when metal atoms share their pooled electrons.
The chemical bond that forms between nonmetal atoms when they share electrons is called a covalent bond.