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Innate Immunity (Purpose (defense mechanism) (viruses, Bacteria, Parasites…
Innate Immunity
Purpose (defense mechanism)
viruses
Bacteria
Parasites
Fungi
Cancer
complement cascades
Components
C5a (chemokines/anaphylatoxin-->inflammation)
more potent than C3a
C3a (chemokines/anaphylatoxin-->inflammation)
C3b (opsonization & phagocytosis)
Function
promotes phagocytosis
promotes inflammation by chemokines production
death by osmotic lysis
Pathways
Alternative
spontaneous pathway of complement activation
Classical
activated by Antibody
2 IgG
1 IgM
more efficient than IgG
free Ab won't activate complement
Lectin
recognize sugar on microbe surface
protease
Regulations
HAE (hereditary angioneurtic edema)
C1 INH (C1 inhibitor) deficiency
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Lacks DAF
dissociates C3 convertases
lacks CD59
binding of C9 to complete MAC
Cells
common lymphoid progenitor
B cell
T cell
NK cell
produce IFNr (cytokine)
kill phagocytosed microbe
kill injured cell
kill infected cell
kill Ab coated cell
innate lymphoid cell (ILC)
ILC1
against virus
NK cells
ILC2
allergic inflammation
ILC3
intestinal barrier function
common myeloid progenitor
neutrophil
first response
short lived (24hr)
eosinophil
basophil
mast cell
macrophage
dendritic ell
#
phagocytes
neutrophil
#
macrophages
#
dendritic cells
Granulocyte
Neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
mast cell
Pattern Recognition Receptors
PAMP (Pathogen assoiciated molecular patterns)
found in all gram-negative bacteria
DAMP (damage associated molecular patterns)
heat shock proteins
TLR (Toll-like receptors)
TLR4: binds LPS (example of PAMPS)
binds to PAMPS
Phagocytosis
Recognition
Opsonin
Ab
IgG
Complement
C3b
Intracellular Killing
Acidification
ROS
e.g. superoxide anion (respiratory burst)
Toxic NO
lysozyme
initial response to microbes that prevents, controls, or eliminates infection
the first hours and days of infection.
Ctyokines