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Post Classical Period : (Middle Ages 450-1450 (referring to Western Europe…

- - - - Justinian Empire 526 (Wants to reestablish Roman concepts in the West. Reconquer the land {Goth wars in Italy} Rebuilds Agiasophia Church)
        
        Justinian Code (collection of laws that formed the basis for the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Justinian)
        
        Hagia Sophia (the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian)
        
        Hippodrome (built by Justinian; huge stadium that held athletic events and games)
        
        Charlemagne 800 ("King of the Franks", crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III in Rome. First time in 300 years, there's an emperor of the "East" and "West")
        
        Basil II 1014 (destroys the Bulgar army {Bulgaria}, earning the epithet 'Bulgaroktonos', {Bulgar Slayer}. Reconquers Syria from Muslims and Greece from Bulgars)
        
        The Great Schism 1054 (The Latin Roman Church and the Greek Orthodox Church excommunicate each other)
        
        Crusaders arrive at Constantinople 1096 (successful but eventually withdrew from cooperation with the Byzantines)
        
        Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople 1204 (Latin Empire of Constantinople is formed. Byzantines never fully recovered)
        
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        Eastern Orthodox (a Christian religion in the East that rose after the schism of religion in the Byzantine Empire)
        
        Roman Catholicism (a branch of Christianity that developed in the Western. Recognized the Pope as its supreme head)
        
        Kiev 9th century (trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders. Became a local point for Kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century)
        
        Rurik 855 (Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev)
        
        Vladimir I 980-1015 (Ruler of Russian Kingdom of Kiev, converted kingdom to Christianity)
        
        Russian Orthodox (Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments)
        
        Cyril (Byzantine missionary that was sent to Russia to spread Orthodoxy; created Slavic Cyrillic script)
        
        Cyrillic Alphabet (what many Slaivic languages are now written in.Was invented so the Slavs could read the bible in their own tongues)
        
        Methodius (along with Cyril, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic)
        
        Belisarius (one of Justinian's most important military commanders, commended in North Africa and Italy)
      - Western Empire Falls 476 (The Eastern survives and now is labeled as Byzantine Empire)
- - - - Charlemagne 800 (crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire. Palace at Aachen in central Europe)
        
        Kamakura Shogunate 1192-1333 (military government founded under Minamoto Yoritomo to create a more centralized government to strengthen the state of Japan)
      - Daimyo (a Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai)
      - Genin (one of Japan's lower classes-landless laborers who could be bought and sold like slaves)
      - Manor (Large farm estates of the Middle Ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land)
      - Samurai (Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.)
      - Serfs (A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times)
      - Shinto ("the Sacred Way" or "the way of the Gods", the Japanese state religion among its doctrines are the divinity of the emperor and the sacredness of the Japanese nation)
      - Shogun (A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name)
    - - Roman Catholic Church (church established in western Europe during the Roman Empire and the middle ages with its head being the bishop of Rome or pope)
        
        Papacy (the central administration of the Roman Catholic church, of which the pope is the head)
      - Eastern Orthodox Church (Christian followers in the eastern roman empire; split from Roman Catholic Church and shaped life in eastern Europe and western Asia)
- - - - Grand Prince Yuroslay 1019-1054 (daughters married off to European Kings: France, Poland, Hungary and Norway)
        
        Primary Chronicle 1100 written (Slavic traditions 1st written down)
        
        Rise of Muscovy 1240 (Eastern Slavs moved north to escape Mongols. Germans and Swedes want to capture Novgord. Alexander Nevsky repels the invasion. Novgord gained independent principality)
        
        Mongols 1240 (Sacked/looted towns. Ruled eastern Slavs for 200 years. Isolated from rest of Europe)
        
        Daniel 1400's (son of Alexander Nevsky. Prince of Muscovy {Moscow}. Skilled diplomat. Became the most powerful city)
        
        Importance of Ivan III (1453 - Byzantine Empire falls. Muscovy is the center of Eastern Orthodox Church. Takes title "tsar" {translation for "Caesar} E.O.C. sees Ivan as protector of church and successor to Byzantine emperor. Land he ruled became known as "Russia")
        
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        Alexander Nevsky (Russian who defeated a German invading army and was rewarded by Mongols by becoming grand-prince)
        
        Ivan I (lived in Moscow; crushed Russian revolt for Mongols; appointed as tax collector; given title "Grand Prince", wealthiest and most powerful Moscow prince; convinces Patriarch of Kiev to move to Moscow-new ally: church)
        
        St. Sophia 11th century (built. Influenced by the Byzantine. Novgorod)
        
        Byzantine Influence (Painting icons, mosaics, architecture, cyrillic alphabet, legal system and 1st libraries)
        
        Dnieper and Volga Rivers (provide north-south transportation. used by Byzantines and Vikings. trading posts established. basis of Kievan Rus)
      - Vladimir's Conversion (when Vladimir converted to Christianity, soon as Kiev also converted. Vladimir was baptized and then Kiev became baptized)
- - - - Abu Bakr 632 (One of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Muslim community)
        
        Caliph 650 (The political and religious successor to Muhammad)
        
        Uthman (Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan)
        
        Ali 656 (Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a)
        
        Mu'awiya 661 (Leader of Umayyad clan; first Umayyad caliph following civi war with Ali.)
        
        Umayyad (Clan of bedouins who controlled Mecca in 7th century C.E. that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam)
        
        Shi'is 680 (Also known as the Shi'a and Shi'ites; political and theological followers within Islam; Followers of Ali)
        
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        Quran (Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam)