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Antidiabetic drugs (Non-insulin (Insulin secretagogues (Glipizide…

- - - - Decreased endogenous
        glucose production
        
        T2DM
        
        Oral
        
        GI disturbances,
        lactic acidosis (rare)
  - - - Increase insulin secretion
        from pancreatic beta cells
        by closing ATP-sensitive
        K+ channels
        
        T2DM
        
        Oral
        
        Hypoglycemia, weight gain
    - - Sulfonylurea
        
        Intermediate duration
    - - Older sulfonyluria
        
        Lower potency
        
        Greater toxicity
        
        Rarely used
    - - Fast acting
  - - - Miglitol
        
        Inhibit intestinal alpha-glucosidase
        
        T2Dm
        
        Oral
        
        GI disturbances
  - - - regulates gene expression
        by binding to PPAR-y
        
        T2DM
        
        Oral
        
        Fluid retention, edema
        anemia, weight gain,
        bone fractures in women
        may worsen heart disease & risk of MI
    - - Similar
        
        Fewer CVD
        adverse effects
  - - - Analog of GLP-1
        
        T2DM
        
        parenteral
        
        SE: GI disturbance,
        headache, pancreatitis
    - - Inhibits DPP-4
        that degrades GLP-1
        
        T2DM
        
        Oral
        
        Rhinitis, URI,
        rare allergic rxn
  - - - Parenteral
        
        GI disturbances,
        hypoglycemia,
        headache
  - - - Treat: severe hypoglycemia;
        Beta-blocker overdose
        
        Parenteral
        
        GI disturbances
        Hypotension
  - - - Inhibit renal glucose
        absorption via SGLT2
        
        T2DM
        
        Oral
        
        Osmotic diuresis
        genital & UTI
- - - - Parenteral; short-acting
        
        SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain