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Civil Aviation Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO) (Oceanic Area…
Civil Aviation Navigation Services Organisation
(
CANSO
)
Civil Aviation Authority (
CAA
)
NATS Services Limited
European Commission
#
NATS En Route plc Licence
(
NERL
)
funded by airlines
#
History
2001 - Current ownership regime established post 9/11
Ownership
Government 49%
LHR Airports LTD (4%)
Airlines Group (42%)
USS Sherwood Ltd
British Airways PLC
Pension Protection Fund
easyJet Airline Company Ltd
Virgin Atlantic Airway Ltd
Deutsche Lufthansa AG
Thomson Airways Ltd
Thomas Cook Airline Ltd
NATS Staff (5%)
1920 - ATC in Croydon
1962 - NATCS
1972 - Joined CAA and become NATS
1996 - Separated from CAA
2003 - £1bn investment for next decade
>2 million flights handled per year
30 Countries
40 UK Sites
Airspace
Classified
Class A
IFR ONLY for Instrument
Meteorological Conditions (IMC)
Aircraft separation control
Class C
FL195-FL660
IFR & VFR traffic
Class D
Aerodrome Control
Zones (ATZ)
IFR & VFR traffic
Clearance required
Speed limit = 250knot
below FL100
Class E
IFR and VFR
IFR requires clearance
Must comply with ATC for
separations
Unclassified
Class G
Aircraft avoidance is sole
responsibility of the pilot
Not legally obliged to inform
ATC of presence
Structure
AERODROME
Control Zone
(
<2000ft)
Terminal Control Area (
TCA
) or
Terminal Manoeuvring Area (
TMA
)
(2000ft-25000ft)
Airway Junctions
Airways
(
5/7000ft-24500ft)
10nm across
Upper Airspace
(25000ft-46000ft)
Mandatory ATC service
Oceanic Tracks
#
ATCOs
Pass flight details to
next sector controller
Pilots read instructions
back to ATCOs
VHF radio 30-300MHz
Maintain traffic flow
Area Controllers
Climb-Descent-En Route
Create safe and expeditious routing
Communicate plans with next sector controller
Consider levels, headings and speeds
Approach Controllers
Grant approach clearances
Create efficient landing sequence
Issue instructions to intercept
ILS
#
Issue heading altitude and speed to
guide in to final approach
Aerodrome Controllers
Control from 6-12nm out
Based at working airfield exc. LTCC at Swanwick
Taxiing instructions
Take off and landing clearances
Ensure safety on airfield
Scottish Flight Information Region
(FIR)
Scottish Area Control Centre
(
SACC
)
2500ft-66000ft
Manchester Area Control Centre
(
MACC
)
2500ft-28500ft
London Flight Information Region
(FIR)
Heathrow Stacks
Bovingdon
Lambourne
Ockham
Biggin
London Terminal Control Centre
(
LTCC
)
<24500ft
Separations:
3nm
1000ft
London Area Control Centre
(LACC)
<66000ft
Separations
<29000ft
5nm
1000ft
RVSM equipped aircraft
<40000ft
5nm
1000ft
RVSM
-
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
non-RVSM equipped aircraft
<40000ft
5nm
2000ft
Military ATC
Technology
Navigation Aids
VHF Omnidirectional Range
(VOR)
Range ~125nm
Radial signals every 1 degree
Often located below stacks
Distance Measuring Equipment
(
DME
)
May be connected to
VOR
#
Non-Directional Beacon
(
NDB
)
Range ~25nm
Emits signal for aircraft to follow
Inertial Navigation Systems
GPS
- becoming dominant navigational aid
Instrument Landing System
(
ILS
)
Creates crosshair diagram to guide pilots
Typical descent rate is
3 degrees
Future/Innovation
Time Based Separation
Interim Future Area Control Tools Support
(
IFACTS
)
Allows ATCO to visualise 18mins into future
Single European Sky ATM Research
(
SESAR
)
Create more functional airspace without national boundaries
Mode S
To replace Mode A & C
Radio signals now target individual aircraft using a specific code to request altitude, speed and heading
Primary RADAR
View aircraft position relative to RADAR
Visualise terrain, weather and bird flocks
Secondary RADAR
Displays select aircraft
Aircraft are given a 4 digit code
Once connected, the aircraft is displayed on the radar screen with callsign and altitude
Controllers can choose to overlay information such as airway maps, coastlines and danger areas
Oceanic Area Control Centre
Prestwick
60° North - Iceland
45° North - Azores
30° West - Iceland
Separations
60nm laterally
10 minutes longitudinally
1000ft vertically
Communications
HF radio (3-30MHz)
Pilot updates position
every 10° longitude
Coordination with adjacent
OACCs and domestic ATCs
Track System
Westbound Track System
Updated every 12hrs
1000-1600hrs
Gander OACC, Canada
Responsible for Eastbound Track
Clearances
Track
Flight Level
Speed
Time restrictions