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Unit 4: Cellular Transport (Water, Lipids, and the Cell Membrane (The Cell…

- - - - Obtaining fuel and other raw materials, and getting rid of wastes
      - Maintaining a balance
      - Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
      - Selectively permeable, flexible, fluid, and constantly moving
      - Relays messages between cells
    - - All living cells exist in a liquid environment (H2O inside and outside)
      - Every cell has a cell membrane
      - Phospholipids and proteins make up membrane
        
        Phospholipids: composed of a phosphorus polar head (Hydrophilic) and two non-polar fatty acid tails (Hydrophobic)
    - - Integral proteins: Proteins that are embedded in the membrane
      - Transmembrane proteins: Integral proteins that span the entire membrane
      - Peripheral proteins: Proteins that are not embedded in the membrane
  - - - Water has two poles: Negative side near the oxygen and Positive side near the hydrogen
      - Hydrogen Bonds: a relatively strong intermolecular force that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to elements that have a stronger attraction for electrons than hydrogen resulting in polar bonds
        
        Water can form up to four hydrogen bonds at once
        
        Contributes to:
        
        Cohesive Behavior
        
        Cohesion: the attraction between two molecules of the same substance (hydrogen bonds in water), and results in surface tension
        
        Adhesion: the attraction between molecules of different substances
        
        Responsible for meniscus
        
        Capillary action: attraction between molecules hat results in the rise of a surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid
        
        Allows plants to draw water up their roots
        
        Temperature Moderation
        
        High Specific Heat
        
        Water absorbs and releases energy in the form of heat with only a small change in temperature (allows life to exist)
        
        1cal/g/degrees C
        
        Resists changing its temperature
        
        Heat is released when hydrogen bonds break, heat is absorbed when bonds are formed
        
        Keeps water liquid for a wide range of temperatures, and helps life survive
        
        Expansion When Frozen
        
        Ice floats because it is less dense than water
        
        Universal Solvent
        
        Water can dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules
        
        Water is the greatest solvent on Earth