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Restoration, liberalism and nationalism (Europe between 1815-1870 (US…

- - - - Enlightenment
- - - - nations to stablish
        
        their own independent states
  - - - the one that each nation prefers
- - - - Some people opposed and demanded their rights and freedom
      - revolts and revolutions
        
        They were reactions to the restoration of the Ancien
        Régime and the return to absolutism
        
        They were inspired by three political ideologies
        
        Liberalism
        
        Nationalism
        
        democracy
        
        People have the right to participate in politics
        
        Expressed the demands of the middle and working classes in
        opposition to the inequalities produced by industrial capitalism
        
        KEY PRINCIPLES
        
        National sovereignty
        
        Opposition to monarchy
        
        Universal manhood suffrage
        
        Political parties should defend the rights
        of the middle and working classes
        against upper class
        
        1830
        
        France
        
        Belgium
        
        1820
        
        Portugal & Spain
        
        Greece
        
        1848
        
        France
        
        Austrian Empire
        
        German Confederation
        
        Italy
        
        More Radical
        
        Middle classes and proletariat
        demanded democratic
        reforms
  - - - Restoration of absolute monarchy
        
        Monarchs removed from power returned
        
        Some of them, accepting constitutional limits
      - Changes to Europe's borders
        
        Napoleon's conquest transformed the map of Europe.
      - Two alliances to enforce the agreements and
        support the monarchs in event of revolution
        
        The Holly Alliance: Russia, Austria, Prussia
        
        The Quadruple Alliance: + Great Britain
  - - - Otto von
        Bismarck
    - - in northern
        Germany
  - - - slavery was abolished
      - universal manhood suffrage
        established
  - - - Glorified their nation's history by imitating Gothic architecture
    - - Reflected people's desire for freedom and independence
    - - Idealised representations of the anguish that people had suffered
        as a result of the 19th century liberal revolutions