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UNIT 3 (The feuldal sistem (CHARACTERISTICS OF A FIEFDOM (Castle: situated…

- - - - Power became hereditary
      - Absolute power over the inhabitants of their lands
  - - - Deny military aid
      - Armies to extend their domains: feudal wars
      - Insecurity: nobility built castles people+looking for protection
- - - - Fear of the end of the world
      - Fear of hell
      - Hope for the mediation of saints and the Virgin Mary
- - - - 1139 Kingdom of Portugal became independient
      - Amohads (berber dynasty)
      - Zaragoza conquered in 1118 (capital of Aragón)
  - - - mongols in central asia (Caliphate and eastern Europe 13th)
      - Chinese empire, India, Indochina
    - - new kingdoms in Sahel zone
      - they convert to islam and their lands became part of the muslim trade route
    - - South america: Inca
      - central america: Toltec and Mayan
  - - - Fatimid Caliphate (Egypt)
      - Almoravid Caliphate (North África)
- - - - cereal crops, vegetables, pulses, wine and beer
      - Product obtained from animals: milk, eggs, cheese, honey
    - - Meat was rarely consumed but they obtained wool and leather from animals
    - - agriculture techniques
        
        Three-year crop rotation
        
        Irrigation techniques
        
        moulboard plough
        
        Manure (animal exrement)
  - - - Higher: dukes, marquisis and counnts.
      - Lower: knights
    - - upper. bishops and abbots
      - Lower: priests and monks
    - - Serfs: attached to the fief
      - Free peasants, craftmans and traders
  - - - Rural- countryside or small villages
      - Promoted by mobility and the church
      - religious buildings
      - Extend along prlgrimage routes
      - Churches that looked like fortresses
      - Lack of windows
    - - Thick stone walls + buttresses + colums and pillars
      - Features from Roman art
      - Floor plan. Latin cross
      - Facades: contained potals and towers
    - - Decorative elements and educational purpose
      - Symbolic character of imagenes
      - Schematic style, inexpressive faces
      - Sculpture: stone and wood
      - Paintings: walls or miniatures