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CS: Hazards & Disasters (Human-induced: Chernobyl (Demographic/economi…

- - - - Lack of rainfall (dry season)
      - Desertification because of overfarming
    - - Severe famines
      - Plagues
      - Many deaths
      - Vulnerable groups: elderly + children
    - - Food aid
      - Heifer International - education
        about sustainable farming
      - KIVA microcredit
      - $15 Feeds Family
    - - Planting of gum trees and acacia (cash crops)
      - Coöperation of regional and global organisations
  - - - Lack of rainfall (La Niña)
      - Worsened through global warming
    - - Food shortage/water crisis
      - Soil damage
      - Wildfires cause destruction of property
      - Rise in food prices of California fruit /vegetables
      - Drop in food production and US food export
- - - - Japan largely prepared for earthquake, buildings remained standing but not during tsunami that followed
      - 2,000 people confirmed death (+10,000 expected)
      - 2,000 people injured
      - The Japanese Yen fell sharply but recouped several hours later. Tokyo stocks fell
    - - Foreshocks and deduction of powerful seismic tremors
      - 10 m Tsunami warning issued 3 min after earthquake, 20 min in advance
      - Japan Meteorological Agency (Hazards agency)
      - JMA News + warning messages
    - - 91 countries offered aid
      - 60 search and rescue experts, four medics and 2 sniffer dogs on private charter plane + 11 tonnes of equipment
      - Government tries its best to minimize damage from the earthquake + emergency cabinet meeting
      - 8 Jets from Defence Ministry
    - - Majority of people live on coast
      - Japan very vulnerable to earthquakes
  - - - North American plate sliding past Caribbean plate
      - Traditonal/poor building structures
    - - Epicentre close to capital, Port-au-Prince
      - 316,000 people killed + 1 million homeless
      - 3 million affected by earthquake
      - 20% of population lost job because of collapsed buildings and other damage
      - Famine
      - Hospitals, schools and governmental buildings damaged
      - Authority fell
      - Airport and port severely damaged, causing business to collapse (mainly clothing industry)
      - Vulnerable groups: (pregnant) women, children
    - - Short-term
        
        $100 million in aid by USA + $330 million by EU
        
        800,000 people placed in aid camps
        
        115,000 tents + 1 mn shelters provided
        
        Healthcare supplies
        
        4.3 million provided with food rations in weeks following the earthquake
      - Long-term
        
        98% rubble not cleared restricting aid access
        
        1 million people still homeless after 1 year
        
        Support for people without jobs (70% of population); cash/food-for-work projects
        
        Water + sanitation supply for 1.7 million people
        
        Rebuilding of schools + support of small farmers
        
        Building of 100 earthquake proof houses
- - - - Cyclone formed 750 km north-east of Solomon Islands
      - Twin disturbance gained enough energy from South Pacific waters to form a cyclone
    - - 24 known fatalities
      - $360 million damage
      - Lots of people left homeless
      - 132,000 people affected according to Unicef
      - Farms/crops destroyed , causing famine and lack of potable water
      - Little fatalities due to traditional building structures
    - - SMS warning issued
      - First cat. 5 cyclone to hit Vanuatu
      - British analytics: Vanuatu most exposed to hazard out of 1300 cities
    - - Evacuation to concrete government buildings
      - $10 million help fund
      - Aid could hardly reach due to crippled infrastructure/isolated islands
      - All emergency centers active
  - - - 1200 people drowned
      - 1 million homeless
      - Food and water shortages
      - Law and order broke; looting was common, total $1 bn of goods stolen
      - Worst affected: poorer districts of NO
      - $81.2 bn damage
      - Damaged oil facilities; rise petrol price in US and UK
    - - Predicted by news as possible hazard
      - IVAN had already been a 'close call'
      - Sudden change of course led it straight to NO
    - - $50 bn aid by US government
      - Food/water aid
      - Evacuation of the affected area
      - Adjustment: Raising levees