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Jacksonian Presidency (Disagreements with Clay and Calhoun (Henry Clay…

- - - - This animosity towards Clay began when Clay denounced Jackson for his unauthorized invasion of Spanish West Florida in 1818.
      - Clay was also instrumental in the election of John Quincy Adams in 1824, when neither Jackson or Adams had a majority vote, so the vote was thrown to the House of Representatives, who voted for Adams.
        
        Adams appointed Clay as his secretary of state following his election to the Presidency, which led Jackson to believe that the election had been thrown to Adams in an unfair and corrupt alliance.
        
        Jackson showed his great dislike for Clay by routinely vetoing all the internal improvement bills that Clay tried to get through Congress.
  - - - This animosity towards Calhoun is thought to have began due to the Washington social scene.
        
        Calhoun's wife was particularly nasty to Peggy, the wife of John Eaton, Jackson's secretary of war.
        
        Mrs. Calhoun and her friends bullied Peggy, refusing to attend gatherings to which she had been invited.
        
        This behavior reminded Jackson of the way his late wife Rachel had been treated.
      - Calhoun was also pro states-rights, and hoped to trick Jackson into declaring his support for the issue.
        
        Calhoun and his other states-rights party members tried to lure Jefferson into this declaration at a birthday party.
        
        They all gave toasts, proclaiming that states-rights government and nullification were connected.
        
        When it was Jackson's turn for a toast, he declared, "Our Federal Union - It must be preserved," to which Calhoun replied "The Union - next to our liberty, the most dear!"
        
        This event both publically humiliated Calhoun, but also served as the last straw in his eventual downfall and resignation from the Vice Presidency.
- - - - Jackson broke the mold of the previous six presidents, who were all rich, educated, and from the east
        
        Although Jackson was born in South Carolina, he had migrated West, so he used that to his advantage.
- - - - However, the government of Georgia just ignored the court's ruling, and removed the Cherokees from their land against their will.
        
        Jackson refused to enforce the Supreme Court's decision, and federal troops removed the Cherokees forcibly.
        
        Some Cherokees accepted land west of the Mississippi and payment, but over 20,000 Cherokees stood their ground and resisted the federal troops.
        
        Those who resisted were marched forcibly to the land west of the Mississippi at gunpoint, on what has become known as the Trail of Tears.
- - - - They felt that by introducing the legislature now would ensure the current Congress would recharter the bank, rather than waiting 4 years and dealing with a potentially different Congress.
        
        They also thought that Jackson would not want to risk losing his voting population in Pennsylvania by vetoing the recharter.
      - Jackson is quoted, saying "The Bank is trying to kill me, Sir, but I shall kill it!"
        
        Jackson became obsessed with the idea of destroying the Second Bank, and vetoed the recharter bill.
        
        He also demanded the removal of government deposits from the Bank of the United States and had them placed in "pet," or state, banks.
- - - - Henry Clay countered with a bill for lower tariffs, but it still was not low enough for South Carolina, the state protesting most against the Tariff of Abominations
        
        South Carolina enacted an Ordinance of Nullification to ignore these federal tariff laws
        
        Jackson sent in federal troops to enforce the tariff
        
        Due to Jackson's persistence in ending "nullification," Henry Clay further revised the tariff bill and compromised with South Carolina
        
        Jackson using his power and supporting the Union was a positive move in his career as President