AS SOCIOLOGY - SOCIAL CLASS: EXTERNAL
HOUSING & DIET
SOCIOLOGIST
HOWARD (2001)
EXPLANATION
Diet can result in lack of energy and concentration in class
Poor housing in deprived areas have 90% of schools failing. Crowded housing is more common in working class housing as a result of this working class children study less and are more distracted
EVALUATION
However schools provide Free School Meals which proves that children do get healthy meals at school
PARENTS ATTITUDES
SOCIOLOGIST
EXPLANATION
EVALUATION
LANGUAGE DEPRIVATION
DOUGLAS (1964)
It is said working parents pay less attention to children, also they are more likely to work in unskilled occupations.
Home background has a huge effect on the success of children, because middle class parents socialise their children with an emphasis on deferred gratification (long term rewards). On the other hand working class parents socialise their children with the value of immediate gratification (I want it now rather than later).
However schools should show encouragement as well not leaving it to the parents only.
SOCIOLGISTS
CULTURAL CAPITAL
SOCIOLOGIST
EXPLANATION
EVALUATION
BORDIEU (1984)
This is the opposite of cultural capital.
Differences exist because middle class are at an advantage as they socialise their children with museums, hobbies reading and languages.
BERNSTEIN (1975)
However, schools should enrich working class children's cultural capital.
EXPLANATION
FINANCIAL SUPPORT & FEAR OF DEBT
Linguistic deprivation.
- Restricted code (Working class)
- Elaborate code (Middle class)
Middle class parents get spoken to in a more elaborated vocabulary, whereas the working class use a far more basic vocabulary and not challenging their children.
SOCIOLOGIST
CALANDER & JACKSON (2005)
EXPLANATION
EVALUATION
Going to university I seen as negative as it is expensive therefore they lack motivation to succeed.
Working class children lack financial support leading to material deprivation
However bursaries provided by schools allows them to buy equipment necessary for school.
WORKING CLASS SUBCULTURES
SOCIOLOGIST
EVALUATION
EXPLANATION
EVALUATION
Labelling is deterministic. Middle class have better chances in school.
SUGARMAN (1970)
Working class generally are socialised with fatalistic, collectivism, immediate gratification and present time.
However, schools should encouragement it shouldn’t be left to just the parents.