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DNA
1952-Hershey and Chase
Chargaff
1928-Griffith
Franklin
Watson and Crick
DNA double helix :
Smooth Pneumococcus Virulent
Took a picture of DNA :
DNA is the Genetic Material
Adenine=Thymine Guanine=Cytosine
Rough Pneumococcus Non-virulent
Smooth Pneumococcus kills live mouse
Rough Pneumococcus +live mouse= livemouse
Heat killed Smooth Pneumococcus+live mouse=live mouse
Heat killed Smooth Pneumococcus+rough Pneumococcus+live mouse=Dead mouse
Nucleic acid Marked by Phopsherous 25
Protein marked by sulfur 37
DNA Helicase Unzips the Genes
DNA Polymerase creates new copies of DNA
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Adenine and Guanine Pyrmadines
Cytosine and Thymine Purines
Parts of a Nucleotide
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
Deoxyribose sugar
Ecology
The study of interactions between organisms and their enviirnment
Biosphere-all life on earth and the enviornment
Levels of orginization
Species
Population
Ecosystem
Community
Biome
Group of similar organisms, can reproduce
Species that live in the Same area
Group of different populations
All organisms plus the enviornment
Group of ecosystems that share similar climate and organsims
Factors
Biotic
Abiotic
Living factors in an enviornmetn
Non-living Factor in an enviornment
Chemosynthesis
Is the biological conversion of one or more carbon containing molecules and nutrients into organic matter using oxidation of inorganic compounds
Heterotroph/consumer
An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organism substance
Carnviore
An animal that eats meat
Autotroph/producer
Herbivore
Scavenger
omnivore
Detritivore
Create their own energy
An animal that eats plants
eats dead plants and or Animals
An organism the feeds on dead plants and animals
Can Eat meat or plants
Food Web/Food Pyramid
Shows the flow within an ecosystem
Many food chains together creates a food web
Arrows point the direction of the flow of energy
Biomass is the greatest at the bottom, lowest at the top
Only 10% of energy is passed on from each level, the rest is passed of as heat
Poison and toxins accumulate at the highest level at the top of the pyramid
Climate change
Weather is the day to day condition of Earth's atmosphere a particular time and place.
Climate refers to the average year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular area.
Climate cause by
Trapping of heat by the atmosphere
Latitude
Transport of heat by winds and ocean currenta
Amount of precipitation
shape and elevation
Landmass
Green house effect
Gases that trap the heat energy of sunlight and maintain Earth's temperature range include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor.
Heat retained in the earth's atmosphere by a layer of gas is called the greenhouse effect.
3 main climate zones
Temperate zones
Tropical zones
Polar zones
Or tropics is near the equator,between 23.5 North and 23.5 south latitudes
Sit between the polar zones and the tropics
cold areas where the suns rays strike Earth at a very low angle
The tropics receive direct or nearly direct sunlight
year-round, making the climate almost always warm.
Succession
Succession is an ongoing process in nature
Primary succesiion
Secondary succession
Primary succession starts from scratch
Secondary succession starts from leftover material
Biomes
Grassland
Desert
Rainforest
Deciduous forest
Tundra
a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen.
dominated by trees that lose their leaves each year. They are found in areas with warm, moist summers and mild winters.
a luxuriant, dense forest rich in biodiversity, found typically in tropical areas with consistently heavy rainfall.
a large open area of country covered with grass, especially one used for grazing.
a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.
Characteristics of populations
3 factors that can effect population size
The number of deaths
The number of individuals that enter or leave
The number of births
populations immigration or emmigration
Exponential growth
Occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate.
The population becomes larger until it approaches an infinitly large size
