Language
Type of language, widely spread
Standard Language
Forms of language with different sounds, words
Dialects
Invisible boundaries separating this
Isogloss
Understood by many
Mutual Intelligibility
Way of categorizing, distant origin
Language Family
A factor of dialect
Sound Shift
A category of Language Famil
Proto-Indo-European
Using this to trace back towards Original Language
Backwards Reconstruction
Type of language, not existing
Extinct Language
Type of Language, fused together
Language Convergence
Separation of Language, opposite
Language Divergence
Hypothesis for spread of Language
Renfrew Hypothesis
Another hypothesis, but counter-clockwise to central Asia
Dispersal Hypothesis
Something understood by both sides for trade
Lingua Franca
Another division, broken down
Language Branch
Even more broken down in Language Tree
Language Group
Type of Language Group, Roman Empire
Romance Language
Type of Language Group, German influence
Germanic Language
Type of Language Group, Russian Influence
Slavik Language
Combining in simpler terms, not official
Pidgin Language
Type of Pidgin, more complex
Creole Language
Language known around the world, many are applied
Global Language
Theory of conquering place and language as diffusion
Conquest Theory
The "distance-decay" of dialects similar accents with greater spatial interaction
Dialect Chains
Country speaking ONE Language
Monolingual State
Country Speaking MANY, NOT one
Multilingual Language
Could be Official since spoken by many, but not always
Official Language
May contain symbols that mean words/phrases
Ideograms
The name of State could be closely referenced to Language, Type of Toponym
Toponym