Cultural Policy: Copyright, Property and Regulation. Week 11.
Policy: Key Terms
COPYRIGHT 
Patents - They aim for the protection of a creator's ideas that not yet been put into production.
Trademarks - Aim for the protection of company symbols, showing which belongs to certain companies.
Copyright - Legal protection for ideas and products of the inventor/creator.
Copyright laws in turn, minimise the amount of products that can be used in the creative industries.
Culture is more likely to become commodified due to copyright laws.
The Digital World
Secures a creator's work. (legal rights to prove it)
Web 2.0 
Web 1.0 - similar to paper page format.
Web 2.0 - user-generated content, file-sharing and online networking - raises challenges for media industries and new forms of audience access.
Web 2.0 - Gets better and interesting the more you use it.
Web 2.0 - Encouraged to experience it, and contribute to it in any way.
PATENTS 
TRADEMARK 
Web 2.0 - Available to all different platforms and devices.
Web 2.0 - Content is updated on a constant basis.
How does your web usage over the last 24 hours correlate to O'Reilly's definition of Web 2.0?
Consumer controlled.
Social media, YouTube - consumer-led
Viewing histories give consumers tailored content, for example: Netflix, NowTV, YouTube, etc.
To what extent do you participate in the construction of your web experience?
User-based interaction- Twitter: retweets, quoting tweets, sharing.
They aim for the protection of a creator's ideas that have not yet been put into production.
Aim for the protection of symbols, which show what belongs to a certain company.
The inventor is assigned exclusive rights.
Relates to intellectual property.
Patents give the rights to prevent other people from copying the similar design.
Allows for the brand to be created then sold to the creator.
Deals with the designing of the brand.
Legally constructs the brand's name, logo and ultimately the brand. This cannot therefore be copied by others.
The notion of spectator/observer - whether somebody who actively posts on social media, or just observes by scrolling and reading information.
The shaping of user content, for example: the Internet saving an individual web experience to tailor their future interests.
Public Domain #
Copyright and regulation laws do not last forever.
When the laws do end, they fall into the public domain.
Copyright laws when expired, are able to be owned by someone in the public domain without having to pay copyright.
New Media #
Existing laws are changed; consumers influence the production on the Internet.
The access to the Internet; content can be
Copyright lasts 70 years after the author's death.
"a body of works which can be used by anyone because no one can claim exclusive rights to their use." (Hesmondhalgh, 2010:163)
Does copyright matter in an age of new media?
Theft of ideas are becoming easier to access, as anyone can put ideas out on to the Internet. (Not everybody puts copyright on their ideas)
Relates to property rights.
How important is copyright to creativity? #
It is largely difficult to avoid creating something original.
Enabling the creator to receive credit for the original ideas.
Ideas can sometimes be difficult to employ copyright for products/ideas that are too similar.
Is copyright friendly to innovation?
The issue being raised forces people to think differently about creating ideas.
Forces you to be more creative.
People are perhaps scared to get new ideas out in the digital sphere, due to copyright fears.
Digital Native - Representation of younger people being born into the digital world, growing up with technology. 
Creative industries approaching towards digitisation: In the future, it will controlled by the current young generation.
Services belonging to digitisation:
Film
Television
Publishing
Radio
Music
To what extent do you think this label can be applied to the Internet as a creative industry today? Who does the Internet 'belong to'?
Older generation perhaps most likely to communicate online by means of email only.
The Internet is free, meaning that it perhaps belongs to 'everyone' that has access to it.
Younger people - YouTube: generating money. Binge watching TV shows.
The Internet perhaps belongs to younger people, in terms of social media consumption/email.
Radio has decreased in teens and young adults' interests.
Do you agree with Prensky? Do you identify as a 'digital native'?
Older people are perhaps more digital natives than younger people, in terms of email and social media aspects.
The younger generation are more likely to constitute as more 'digital natives' than any other generations.
Dependent if you were born before or after 2000.
Technology was around and integrated into everyday life in some way or another, but increasing technologies such as iPads and laptops did not exist.
Digital Immigrant - Not born into technology, they have to adapt to the concept.
The Future...?
Policies of digitisation and culture
Consumers and creators must face and overcome changes; their work and content is easy to access and even to copy. (More vulnerable to theft of content)
Digitisation will perhaps continue forever. (Adding to the simplicity and easiness of replication of content)
The Return of Old Media
Vinyl recently made a comeback.
Cassettes, CD's etc. perhaps will come back.
Consumers may miss the physicality of art forms as digitisation makes larger progress.
Free content
Spotify inspiring other forms of providers to make content more accessible.
Free trials more popular: Netflix, Amazon Instant Video and NowTV. (The key to gaining more consumers in the long run)