Geography

Key Terms - Other

Impermeable is soil or rock which does not allow water to pass through e.g clay

Deposition is the laying down of material in the landscape

Backwash is the flow of water back into the sea after a wave has broken on a beach

Longshore drift is the process is when beach material is moved up and down along the beach

*Landforms

Caves are formed when Hydraulic action makes the wave cut notch collapse

Slumping is the gradual collapsing of a hillside under its own weight

Arches are formed when the cave eventually breaks through the landform

Stacks are formed when an arch collapses

Stumps are formed when the stack collapses

Wave cut notches are formed when the water gets into the cracks of a cliff and widen them

Unconsolidated is when the sediments of the rock are not 'stuck' together properly

Fetch is the distance the wind has blew to create waves

Key Terms - Engineering

Engineering

Hard Engineering (Structures that prevent flooding which is caused by the sea)

Groynes aee built to check erosion and drifting

Sea Walls are built to absorb wave energy from the sea and to protect buildings and the land from erosion

Revetments are built to take the full force of wave energy

Rock Armour is built to protect coastlines and prevent erosion

Gabions are built to control erosion

Soft Engineering (Promoting natural systems such as beached and salt marshes which protect the coast) e.g planting trees

Key Terms - Erosion

Types of Erosion (Erosion is the wearing away of land)

Abrasion is the erosion or the wearing away of the landscape.

Attrition is where rocks smash against each other making them smaller and more rounded

Corrosion is the wearing away of the landscape by chemical processes such as a solution

Hydraulic Action is when water and air are forced into gaps in the rock or soil

Retreat is the gradual backwards movement of a landformdue to erosion