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Language of Chemistry (Symbol: An abbreviation or short representation of…
Language of Chemistry (Symbol: An abbreviation or short representation of the chemical name of an
element. The chemical name may be the English name of the element
or its Latin name. , John Dalton represented the atoms of different elements using symbols.
He used circles with dots, lines, crosses and shading in them. When he ran
out of marks he put letters in the circles to represent elements., Berzelius simplified the system by using letters of the alphabets alone, and
he based those letters not primarily on the English names, but on Latin
ones., Points to Remember:
• Atomic symbols are a way for naming elements.
• It always goes upper case then lower case when the atomic symbols are
written., Atom:
• The smallest particle of an element which can take part in chemical
change.
• It may or may not be capable of independent existence., It is not possible to see an atom with
the naked eyes but an instrument called
STM (Scanning tunneling microscope)
can directly produce the image of
the atom that lie on the surface of an
element., The word ‘atom’ comes from
Greek which is used for indivisible., The ultimate particle of a chemical
compound is called a molecule., Molecule:
• The smallest particle of matter which is capable of independent
existence.
• The molecule of an element is made up of one or more atoms of only one
type, in which the constituent atoms are chemically bonded together.
• The molecule of a compound is made up of dissimilar atoms of different
elements in definite proportions. In a molecule these atoms are chemically
bonded., Radicals are groups of atoms that react as single atoms and keep their identity
in many reactions.
Radicals are of two types:
• Acid Radical
• Basic Radical, What is an ion?
An electrically charged atom of an element is called its ion., Cation:
• A positively charged ion is called a cation., Anion:
• A negatively charged ion is called anion., Types of Ions: Monoatomic ions, Monoatomic cations and Polyatomic ions., Calcium ions are required in our diet for strengthening the bones.
• Ferrous ions are found in haemoglobin present in red blood cells that
carry oxygen from our lungs to different tissues in our body.
• Potassium, Sodium and Chloride ions play a role in transfer of information
between nerve cells., Remember: In Ammonium compounds, the H+ ions of the acid are replaced by
Ammonium ion., Valency of an element is defined as the combining capacity of an
element., Valency of an ion is defined
as units of positive or negative charge
present on the ion., A Chemical equation is
the method of representing a
chemical reaction with the
help of symbols and formulae., Salts are formed when acids react
with bases. These are called
neutralisation reactions.)