Rural
Suburbanised Villages
💥 2.) Linear development takes place. which is normally along the main roads.
💥 3.)Larger housing developments behind the houses and along the roads the village is now getting quite large.
💥 1.) Non residnetial houses are converted in to houses such as barns.
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Remote Areas in the UK
Pennines
Lake District
Southern Uplands
Cambrain Mountains
Grampian Mountains
Exmoor
North-West Highlands
Dartmoor
Brecon Beacons
Snowdonia
Hill Farming
Decreased due to low lamb prices due to cheap imports from Australia and New-Zealand
Sheep
Driven out of buisness due to high fuel prices and bringing in £8,000 less per year than before
Have to use continental breeds to make sheep have more meat on them. These are more expensive to buy. Also cost more to lamb due to having to be brought in to sheds and fed.
Services close down
Less money in area due to farming not producing as much money so people don't use the local services as its cheaper to buy from national services. This means that the services close down.
Housing
There is a housing shortage due to people living longer and the population increasing. There is a desire to live in the countryside for people that live in towns which mean that rural house prices increase.
People are having second homes where it is desirable to live this means that house prices are higher and it drives young people out of the area.
Rural Development Programs
Designed to support sustainable farming methods. £1.6 billion of EU and UK money was spent on this.
Subsidies for Farmers £30-£60 a hectare for managed land
A new Rural Development Program has been put in place which ran from 2007 - 2013 and is going to distribute £3.9 billion to make rural life more sustainable.
£3.3 billion to help farmers manage there land
The further £600 million will be used to make agriculture and farming more sustainable.
Commercial Farming
Livestock
Intensive Farming
Mixed Farming
Arable Farming
Where either crops or animals are intensively farm,ed to get the most from them . Can be expensive but large profits can be made
Large fields growing huge amounts of crops normally in the south east of England where the soil is rich and fertile.
Them most popular disciplines of livestock farming are Pigs, Sheep, Cows and poultry. Sheep are the most popular with them not needing as much fertile ground and can cope with high altitude and steep banks. Cows are even farmed as dairy cows or beef the 2 industries are having to become more joined by putting dairy cattle in calf to a beef continental breed to produce calf's that are more beefy and there fore worth more. Poultry farming is popular with both free-range and battery both taking place. Pig Farming is popular in east angular where the pigs are kept on the stubble off the arable fields and fed on the grain.
Mixed farming is popular in the north on hill farms where small family run farms will have a large flock of sheep on the fells and a flock of about 40 cattle on the lowland pastures.
Pedigree Farming
Pedigree Farming
Pedigree Farming
Pedigree Farming
Pedigree Farming
Pedigree Farming is without doubt the most profitable type of farming. Animals have to be fed up to size so that they are as big as the competitors animals.A name for the breeder has to be created by producing good stock then animals can easily sell for 10's of thousands of pounds.The record for a Suffolk Sheep stands at 90,000gns which is £94500.
Organic
No fertiliserzers used
No Pesticides to be used.
Not a overuse of antibiotics
Other Restrictions such as where animals can and cannot be slaughtered
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Jobs
In remote areas people will have to travel along way to find a job in the towns and cities. This leads to people moving out of the remote hamlets and in to the the large towns and cities.
In rural areas there can be a shortage of jobs due to the main industry being farming and in remote hill faming areas farms will only have one person working on them for most of the year except for busy times when there will be more than one
The only jobs that people might get in remote hamlets without traveling is if there is a small shop that they can work at.
Farming in east anglia
This is where most of the vegetables and cereal foods that Britain produce are grown. The land is flat or gently sloping with very large fields which have been made by removing hedges and walls which previously divided up small fields. Deep fertile soils. Low reliable rainfall. Warm summers that ripen crops. Frost in the winter which break up the soils.
Farms in East Anglia are not owned by families they are normally owned by large companies which have the power and money to buy multiple farms and put in the correct infrastructure to make the farm profitable. This type of farming is called Agribuisness
Crops grown in East Angelia tend to be Wheat, Barley Oil Seed Rape, Sugar Beet and potatos
Hedge Row Removal
Since 1945 The UK has lost 400000km of its hedgerows
To make fields larger and easier to harvest and manage East Anglia has lost 60% of its Hedgerows
The loss of these hedgerows means that wildlife habitats have been lost and destroyed.
To fix this farmers are being encouraged to plant hedges and trees and areas for wildlife for animals. They have been getting paid for this.
Commuter Village
A previously rural settlement that used to be inhabited by people who worked in agriculture in the surrounding area.
Now a village where people live and commute in to work in either towns or cities. This is due to more people owning cars so they can commute easier.
Characteristics
New Housing Developments
Old Farm Buildings converted into expensive housing
Increase in gastro pubs
Delicatessen style shops
Depopulation during the day due to people moving to go to work.
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Rural urban fringe
transition zone between urban areas and the countryside
modern housing estates
industrial estates
business parks
out of town shopping centes
farms and woodlands
under development pressure due to the urban sprawl
Urban Sprawl is the spreading of the city and its suburbs across rural land
Advantages of developing the rural urban fringe
Pleasent green Enviroment to live in
Lots of space to build large developments
Cheaper land prices compared to in towns or cities
Good transport links
Access to consumers and workers in the suburbs
Disadvantages of developing the rural urban fringe
Loss of countyside
Villages become suburbanised
Increase in congestion due to a increase in population
Decline of city centres
Enviroment impact of Modern Farming
Nitrate pollution caused by artificial fertilizers which contain nitrates. Fertilizers can lead to water pollution.
Hedge Row Removal
Hedge Row Removal
Since 1945 The UK has lost 400000km of its hedgerows
To make fields larger and easier to harvest and manage East Anglia has lost 60% of its Hedgerows
The loss of these hedgerows means that wildlife habitats have been lost and destroyed.
To fix this farmers are being encouraged to plant hedges and trees and areas for wildlife for animals. They have been getting paid for this.
Goverment Policies to reduce Enviromental Impacts
Single Payment Scheme Annual payments which are made to farmers who agree to keep there land in good environment condition
Environmental Stewardship Scheme Farmers are paid for conserving wildlife, improving the landscape and protecting the enviroment
Regulations DEFRA regulates the environmental impact of farming they can and will take legal action against farms that do not obey the law.
Loss of Rainsforest
Rain forests are being chopped down constantly. This is happening because the farmers want more fertile ground which are under the rain forest. So they chop them down so they can use the fertile ground under them.
Cash Crops
A cash Crop is a crop thats grown to make money. Cash Crops are normally grown in the tropics on plantations.
Plantation
A plantation is a large farm which is normally in the tropics. They are often over several thousand hectares. Usually only one crop such as Bananas or Coffee Beans are grown this is called mono-culture.
However plantations occupy most of the food which could otherwise be used to grow food for the locals. Heavy Machinery used in Intensive Farming erodes the fertile ground.Growing a single crop puts the Plantation at a higher risk of disease.
Irigation
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to help crops grow .
It is often needed in hot countries with limited rainfall. however for some crops it is a must such as rice which normally grows on very wet paddy fields in China.
Traditionally water would either be hauled up from wells and given to the plants or rivers diverted. However today in modern farming large pipes are normally used which pump the water and the squirt it on to the crops.