United Kingdom PESTLE Analysis 
Social
Economic
Environment
Unemployment rate
Inflation
Inflation (CPI) 0.3% (April 2016)
RPI: 1.2% (April 2016)
Member of international economic groups
Average salary
GDP
GDP growth +0.5%
+2.3% (for year 2016)
Unemployment 4.9%, 1.64 million (June 2016)
Average gross salary £2,480 / €3,373 / $3,814 monthly (2014) (8th highest)
Average net salary £1,730 / €2,064 / $2,793 monthly (2011) (6th highest)
GDP per capita $43,770
$41,158 (PPP)
GDP rank 5th (Nominal) / 9th (PPP)
GDP $2.849 trillion (nominal: 2015)
$2.679 trillion (PPP: 2015)
Average unemployment rates in the UK by decade, from 1881 until 2015. In the 1980s, unemployment reached levels not seen in Britain since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Average life expectancy
Leisure activities
Birth rates
Gender roles
[Graph] Attitudes to gender division of responsibilities
[Graph] UK Birth rates 1945-2013
There were 698,512 live births in England and Wales in 2013, compared with 729,674 in 2012 (a fall of 4.3%).
•A newborn baby boy could expect to live 79.1 years and a newborn baby girl 82.8 years if mortality rates remain the same as they were in the United Kingdom in 2012–2014 throughout their lives
•In 2012–2014, a man in the UK aged 65 had an average further 18.4 years of life remaining and a woman had an average further 20.9 years of life remaining
•The most common age at death for men was 86 and for women was 89
•Life expectancy at birth in the UK has increased since 1980–1982 by 13.5 weeks per year on average for men and 9.8 weeks per year on average for women
Music
London has several major orchestras and opera companies, as well as places that offer rock, jazz, blues and world music shows, concerts and festivals throughout the year.
Nightlife
Most London pubs close at 11:00pm, including local neighbourhood pubs. New laws have been introduced, however, so that all approved venues can extend these licensed hours.
Sports
Sport plays a big part in UK leisure activity.
All-England Championships are hosted at Wimbledon.
Sports are a huge pastime, whether one goes to a game or sits in a bar to watch it on the screen.
Dining Out
Dining with friends is another popular pastime in the UK. There will usually be several local restaurants to choose from in each area, and for special occasions a well-renowned venue such as Whatley Manor or The Fat Duck may be appropriate.
Main industries
Agriculture
Education, health and social work
Manufacturing
Financial and banking industries
Construction
This sector is one of the country’s top three main sources of employment. British universities alone contribute over £73 billion to the UK’s economy and employ more than 375,000 people. All in all, there are more than 757,000 people employed in the higher education sector.
The UK’s third largest,
accounted for 11.7 per cent of the country’s total GDP
and employing 8 per cent of the working population.
Agriculture in the UK is intensive, highly mechanised, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs, with less than 1.6% of the labour force (535,000 workers)
Construction-related employment accounts for nearly 10 per cent of the UK’s working population.
The largest construction project in the UK is Crossrail.
The aerospace industry of the UK is the second- or third-largest aerospace industry in the world.
more than 2 million people working in the finance
and banking industries all over the United Kingdom – that’s 7 per cent of the country’s total working population.
the country has nearly 40,000 businesses
that specialise in financial services,
and a further 37,000 provide accountancy services.
Natural disasters
Natural resources
Weather and Climate
Environmental issues
Geographical Location
Location 🚩 Western/Northern Europe
Coordinates : 54°0′N 2°30′W / 54.000°N 2.500°W
Area rank : 80th
Highest elevation 1,344 m (4,409 ft)
Area : Total 243,610 km
Water (%) 1.34
United Kingdomc area 241,930 km²
Agricultural : arable land, wheat, barley, sheep
Earthquakes in the United Kingdom
✅Current issues
England is one of the most densely populated countries/regions in the world, and the most densely populated major nation in Europe. The high population density coupled with a changing climate, is likely to put extreme pressure on the United Kingdom's water resources in the future.
The United Kingdom is reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010. By 2015, to recycle or compost at least 33% of household waste. Between 1998-99 and 1999–2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3% respectively.
In general the climate of the UK is cool and often cloudy, and hot temperatures are infrequent.
Generally the United Kingdom has cool to mild winters and warm summers with moderate variation in temperature throughout the year.
In England the average annual temperature varies
from 8.5 °C (47.3 °F) in the north to 11 °C (51.8 °F)
in the south, but over the higher ground
this can be several degrees lower.
Geologica : 🔥 coal, petroleum, natural gas, limestone, chalk, gypsum, silica, rock salt, china clay, iron ore, tin, silver, gold
1185 East Midlands earthquake
1580 Dover Straits earthquake
1884 Colchester earthquake
1906 Swansea earthquake
1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
1984 Llŷn Peninsula earthquake
1990 Bishop's Castle earthquake
2002 Dudley earthquake
2007 Kent earthquake
2008 Lincolnshire earthquake
Tornadoes in the United Kingdom
1931 Birmingham Tornado
2005 Birmingham tornado
2006 London tornado
Great Malvern tornado of 1761
London tornado of 1091
Technological
Legal
Internet Access
Political
Research Investment
High-tech Companies
Future Technology Plans
Investment in startup companies
Dial-up : Internet access was first introduced in the UK by Pipex in March 1992, having been established during 1991 as the UK's first commercial Internet provider, and by November 1993 provided Internet service to some 150 customer sites.
Speeds : it is common in highly developed areas like London Aldgate region consumers to be limited for speeds up-to 8 Mbit/s ADSL services. This has major affect in London rental markets as limited broadband service can affect the readiness to sign a rental lease.
Mobile broadband
Mobile broadband is high-speed Internet access provided by mobile phone operators using a device that requires a SIM card to access the service.
A new mobile broadband technology emerging in the United Kingdom is 4G which hopes to replace the old 3G technology currently in use and could see download speeds increased to 300Mbit/s. The company EE have been the first company to start developing a full scale 4G network throughout the United Kingdom.
The research and development spend in the UK is 1.67 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The UK is below the European Union (EU-28) provisional estimate of 2.02 per cent of GDP.
The Government invests almost £2 billion a year on medical research, £845 million through MRC and £1.1 billion through NIHR. Government funding for medical research is increasing year on year.
In 2015 Government spend on dementia research will be £66 million, this is a doubling of funding in dementia research since 2009-10 and represents approximately 3 per cent of total medical research investment..
Shazam
Shazam is a mobile app that uses audio recognition technology to help people identify music.
It also features personalised music news, and features suggested songs from friends and artists.
It recently become one of the first UK technology start-ups to reach a valuation of $1bn (£660m)
after securing $30m of new investment from a collection of unnamed parties.
This fall represents a change to the increasing numbers of births that has been reported each year since a low in 2001, with the exception of a 0.3% fall in 2009. Between 2001 and 2012 live births rose by 23%. The fall in live births in 2013 represents the largest percentage annual decrease since 1975.
Corruption
Political system
War or Terrorism
Trading partners
People's rights
1.United States: US$66.5 billion
(14.5% of total UK exports)
2.Germany: $46.4 billion (10.1%)
3.Switzerland: $32.2 billion (7%)
4.China: $27.4 billion (5.9%)
5.France: $27 billion (5.9%)
6.Netherlands: $26.6 billion (5.8%)
7.Ireland: $25.5 billion (5.5%)
8.Belgium: $17.8 billion (3.9%)
9.Spain: $13.1 billion (2.8%)
10.Italy: $12.9 billion (2.8%)
11.United Arab Emirates: $10.3 billion
(2.2%)
12.Hong Kong: $9.6 billion (2.1%)
13.South Korea: $7 billion (1.5%)
14.Saudi Arabia: $6.7 billion (1.5%)
15.Sweden: $6.6 billion (1.4%)
What does the Human Rights Act actually do?
The human rights that are contained within this law are based on the articles of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Act ‘gives further effect’ to rights and freedoms guaranteed under the European Convention.
What rights does the Human Rights Act protect?
•The right to life – protects your life, by law. The state is required to investigate suspicious deaths and deaths in custody.
•The prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment – you should never be tortured or treated in an inhuman or degrading way, no matter what the situation.
•Protection against slavery and forced labor – you should not be treated like a slave or subjected to forced labor
•The right to a fair trial and no punishment without law - you are innocent until proven guilty. If accused of a crime, you have the right to hear the evidence against you,
in court of law.
•Respect for privacy and family life and the right to marry – protects against unnecessary surveillance or intrusion into your life.
•Free speech and peaceful protest –
you have a right to speak freely and join with others peacefully, to express your views.
•No discrimination – everyone’s rights are equal. You should not be treated unfairly – because, for example, of your gender, race, sexuality, religion or age.
Who can use the Human Rights Act?
The Human Rights Act may be used by every person resident in the United Kingdom regardless of whether or not they are a British citizen or a foreign national, a child or an adult, a prisoner or a member of the public. It can even be used by companies or organisations).
CORRUPTION IN THE UK REPORT
In 2011 Transparency International UK
(TI-UK) launched the major findings from a series of studies which examine corruption in the UK. The reports – which represent the most comprehensive research ever undertaken in this area – examine the levels of corruption in 23 UK sectors and institutions.
The research represents a ‘health check’ for the UK. Although corruption is not endemic in the UK, it is correct to say that in some areas of UK society and institutions, corruption is a much greater problem than recognised and that there is an inadequate response to its growing threat. The report found that the growing threat of corruption is often met with complacency, and that key institutions are refusing to confront the problem.
Of particular concern are prisons, political parties, parliament and sport – where the response to the increasing corruption risk is often incoherent and uncoordinated.
World War III
World War IV
Bush's War on Terror
The Long War
The Global War on Terror
The War Against al-Qaeda
Trade law
Legal system
Business law
Industry-specific regulations
Some industry sectors are specially regulated. You can find guidance by sector on the GOV. UK website or from your trade association. Other organisations you belong to may offer industry-specific guidance.
Under the REACH regulations, manufacturers and importers of hazardous substances typically need to register with the European Chemicals and Health Agency and comply with any restrictions imposed by their regulator, and to provide users with instructions on how to use their products safely.
Check whether there are any other environmental obligations for your business. For example, appliance manufacturers must provide energy efficiency labelling. Producers or users of significant amounts of dangerous substances must notify the regulator, carry out a risk assessment and produce a major accident plan.
Related articles and resources
You may find the following articles and resources useful:
Fulfil your business' environmental obligations
How to take action on the environment
United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006.
Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986, the UK Corporate Governance Code, European Union Directives and court cases, the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business. Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution, public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation.
The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes, where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate, limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency, and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors.
An influential model within Europe, the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter, UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules, so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with.
Trading Law
Trading Law provide a broad range of services covering the majority of commercial legislation in use today. This site lists those services currently provided and provides a description for reference.
Mackesys has been a criminal defence solicitor for 25 years. They are holders of four Criminal Contracts, which were awarded by the Legal Services Commission. Their specialist Team consists of more than 40 dedicated fee-earners, dealing with day to day crime up to serious fraud, murder and rape.
Trading Law employ specialist industry professionals in Health and Safety, Environmental Health and Trading Standards.
•To find out how we can help your business, select the area of interest in the drop-down menu to the left. You will be taken directly to a description of the service we offer that can match your needs.
•THE ‘dreadful’ States decision to relax Sunday trading laws is an unprecedented attack on the Island’s way of life and culture, says the owner of one of Jersey’s biggest and best known shops.
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland has some unusual features in its system, which is centred in Belfast. Many relate to the political instability and violence which has been endemic in the Province since its establishment.
One such feature is the absence of a jury in "terrorist" trials. But the legal system of Northern Ireland has otherwise grown very similar to that of England and Wales, especially since the imposition of "Direct Rule" under a British Secretary of State since mid-1972.
See for further information Northern Ireland Public Service Web pages.
Scotland
Scotland had its own system of laws and courts (based in Edinburgh) before its union with England and Wales in 1707. The Acts of Union of 1707 expressly allowed these to continue, and so Scotland retains many distinctions from the English system (see Sir William Wallace of Elerslie - Queen Anne & The 1707 Act of Union web page). This might be further encouraged by devolution which is now to be implemented for Scotland (see The Scottish Devolution web pages and The White Paper: Scotland's Parliament pages).
England and Wales
These two areas form one jurisdiction. Although there is now to be devolution for Wales (see A Voice for Wales: The Government's proposals for a Welsh Assembly), Wales has not since early medieval times had a legal system distinct from England.
The national courts (High Court, Court of Appeal and House of Lords) are based in London, but there are local courts (Magistrates’ Courts and County Courts) throughout the country and the Crown Court has many locations.
Member of the commonwealth pf nations.
The European Union, the G7, the G8. the G20,
the international monetary fund, the organisation for economic Co-operation and development,
the World bank, the World Trade Organisation, Asian infrastructure investment Bank and the United Nations.