- Correlational Research/Intelligence
Intelligence (Larsen)
Correlational Research (Mischel)
Multifactor Theories
Stanford-Binet— standardized for every age; representative; MA + CA; reliable and valid
Wechsler Scales (Used the same test items for all indiv.s)
History/Early intelligence concepts
Implicit Theories (informal)
Entity theory (intelligence is fixed)
Incremental theory (intelligence is malleable)
Psychometric approach
Psychometrics (Galton, measures psychological functions and processes)
Mental test (Cattell)
2-factor theory by Cattell
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) by Stern; (MA/CA) x 100; best for children
Spearman
Positive Manifold— a person's score on a range of intellectual tasks tend to be intercorrelated
General Intelligence, g
Specific abilities, s— can account for a person's performance in specific tasks
Used deviation IQ— (Actual test score/Expected score for age) x 100
Expected IQ score: uses norms
Army alphy/Army beta by Yerkes in WWI
Multifactor theory of intelligence by Thurstone
7 factors
Crystallized intelligence (gc)
Fluid intelligence (gf)
Guilford's Multifactor Theory of Intelligence
Elementary abilities
Orientations
Contents
Products
Hierarchial Theories
Vernon's hierarchical theory of intelligence
g at highest
major group factors: includes verbal-educational & spatial-practical-mechanical
minor group factors: includes verbal, fluency & motor, and mechanical & spatial factors
s at lowest
Carroll's Three-Stratum Model
I: 69 narrow abilities
II: 8 broad factors
III: single factor, g
Mc. Grew's Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Model
Stratum I & II from Carroll
g is still present, but not as significant
Multiple Intelligence
Gardner's multiple intelligence
7+ intelligences in the mind into 3 categories:
object oriented
free
personal
Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence
analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
More intelligence tests
Raven's Progressive Matrices
CAS-cognitive
Correlations
Correlation coefficient
Statistical significance
Positive correlation (x & y increase/decrease together)
Negative correlation (x & y increase/decrease opposite)
Range (-1.0 to +1.0)
Reliability
Validity
Coefficient of stability (same test is given to same group of people
Temporal reliability
Internal consistency (correlation between parts of a single form
Content validity (adequately represent a defined broader class of behavior
Criterion validity
Concurrent validity
Predictive validity
Construct validity
Coefficient of determination r^2