What factors impact the age of recall?
Emotion
Leventon, Stevens & Bauer, 2014 found that emotion has an effect on accurate memory recall in older children – they show better memory recall for negative images over positive images, whereas this was not found in younger children.
Children under 7.5 show no emotional effects on memory where was children over 7.5 start to show adult-like emotional memory patterns. (Bauer,2014).
The findings of Leventon, Stevens & Bauer, 2014 also also raise the possibility that negative emotion influences memory earlier in development than positive emotion.
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Biological
Memories are mostly recalled when the retrieval conditions (both externally and internally) closely match the conditions at encoding, similar to state-dependency (Tulving and Thompson 1973; Tulving 1983)
Individual differences
Gender
Mazanec & Mccall, 1975 found that people of a particular gender recall memories easier when the memory involves a member of the same sex. Thus creating the own sex effect.
Culture
Females pay more attention to detail which leads to easier recollection of a memory. Because of this females develop earlier memories than males
(Powers et al).
Grysman & Hudson, 2013 have found that males develop less vivid memories than women.
Wang, 2003 found that Asian cultures have a greater focus on socialistic norms & collectivist experiences which leads to later recall of first memories.
Memories are mostly recalled when the retrieval conditions (both externally and internally) closely match the conditions at encoding, similar to state-dependency (Tulving and Thompson 1973; Tulving 1983)
Faster information processing occurs in older infants (Rose et al,1982; Hayne,2004) from more efficient transmissions of electrical impulses with increasing myelination.
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Disability
When comparing 7-11 year olds learning-disabled children did not show developmental reversal that non-disabled children show. (Brainerd et al, 2006)
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Bauer, 2013 established that storage processes, opposed to retrieval processes, when concerning the loss of information over time, is the major source of age related differences in long-term recall
The narrative environment a child experiences also has an affect on the age of recall as the non-developmental factors such as life experiences
(Jack et al, 2009).