Population Pyramid in UAE
in 2005
expected in 2050
in 2016
mostly youngsters
Males greater than females
mostly middle aged
mainly due to migration
Life expectancy in expected to increase
Population size is increasing
life expectancy of the UAE = 77.4 years
.
life expectancy 77 for males and 78 for females
Elderly people increase
Theories of Aging
Programmed Theories
Error Theories
Endocrine theory
Immunological Theory
Programmed Senescence Theory
Cross-Linking
Free Radicals
Rates of Living
Somatic DNA Damage
Wear and Tear
Error Catastrophe
States that aging has a biological timetable or internal biological clock
States that aging is a result of internal or external assaults that damage tissues or organs
Telomere theory
Physiological changes
Aging
occurs in all people but with different rates and onset
Primary Aging
Secondary Aging
universal, irreversible and independent on good health
Different from one individual to another, reversible and dependent on health, habits and illness
There is progressive shortening of telomere with each cell division of somatic cells.
Respiratory Changes
Gastrointestinal Changes
Cardiovascular Changes
Renal and Urinary Changes
Musculoskeletal Changes
Nervous System changes
Changes in skin
Genital Changes
Diseases associated with aging
Respiratory Diseases
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cancer
Heart Disease
Arthritis
Obesity
risk factor of
Myocardial Infarction
Osteoporosis
.
Andropause vs Menopause
.
measurements
Skin fold Thickness
DEXA Scan
Waist to Hip ratio
Hydrostatic weighing
BMI
Nurtition
Metabolic pathways during fasting
blood fuel homeostasis is maintained primarily by hepatic glycogenolysis and adipose tissue lipolysis.
As fasting progresses, muscle proteolysis supplies glycogenic amino acids for heightened hepatic gluconeogenesis for a short period of time.
During starvation, the brain must be supplied with fuel in the form of glucose or ketone bodies
Fasting State differences form Fed state
increase in glucagon, cortisol and adrenaline
Hyperglycemia, lipolysis, ketogenesis and proteolysis
Source of glucose is from glycogen and glycogeneogenesis
consume more vegetables, fruits calcium, grains, water.
Blockage of one of the coronary arteries by a clot, so the heart is starved of oxygen and heart cells die.
Necrosis
Causes :
- coronary artery disease
- spasm of a coronary artery
- Spontaneous coronary artey dissection
Necrosis VS Apoptosis
Apoptosis: programmed cell, usually beneficial, affects single cells, no inflammatory response, cell shrinkage, membrane intact and blebbling
Damage a group of cells, evoked by external factors, causes an inflammatory response, cell swelling, loss of membrane integrity
Reaction to advice
depends on the belief and past life experience of older people, and their level of education.
Psychological Theory
Erikson’s Integrity versus Despair
The onset of this stage is often triggered by life events
Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom
Falling
Risk Factors
Muscle weakness of the lower body
Blood pressure drops upon standing up from a lying position
Slower reflexes in comparison with younger subjects
Sensory problems
Vision problems
Some medications
Vitamin D deficiency
Hazards around the house
Effects
Psychological
Physical
Role of elderly in socoety
Supportive Role
Referral Role
- Problem solving
- Maintaining Secrets
- Being the leader
- Security provider
- The role of financial supporter
Society has tended to overlook, undervalue, and stereotype the elderly.
Elderly services in the UAE
1)Thukher card
2)Thukher club
3) Home care ( waleef)
Geriatric Assessment
a multidimensional, multidisciplinary assessment designed to evaluate an elder person's functional ability, physical health, cognition and mental health, and socioenvironmental circumstances
Rehabilitation
the restoration of the individual to the optimal level of ability
the average number of years expected to live
is a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.
less absorption and distribution, less metabolism and elimination rates. Different cell responses and adaptations to drugs. Possibility of toxicity or adverse effects or drug-drug interaction