Supreme Court Cases
Judicial Review-A review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. 
Supremacy Clause-A clause in United States Constitution, saying that all laws and treaties made under the authority of the United States are the “supreme law of the land.”
1st Amendment-The freedom of speech, religion, and freedom of press.
4th Amendment-No unreasonable search and seizure without a warrant.
5th Amendment-The government must follow the due process of law before punishing someone, and that all citizens had the right to a trial by jury.
6th Amendment-Right to have a fair and speedy trial by a jury.
8th Amendment-The government can’t demand excessive bail, excessive fines, or any cruel and unusual punishment.
9th Amendment-The Constitution does not include all of the rights of the people and states.
14th Amendment-Everyone born in the US is automatically a US citizen.
Furman v. Georgia was a case in which the Supreme Court struck down all death penalty schemes in the United States.
McCulloch v. Maryland was a case in which the Supreme Court held that the tax unconstitutionally interfered and ruled that the Constitution gives the federal government certain implied powers.
Texas v. Johnson was a case in which the Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag outside of the Dallas City Hall. But the Supreme Court said that the symbolic speech was protected by the First Amendment.
Bethel School v. Fraser was a case in which Matthew N. Fraser, was suspended for three days for delivering an obscene and provocative speech to the student body. The Supreme Court held that his free speech rights were not violated.
Korematsu v. US was a case in which Fred Korematsu argued that the Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional, racist, and that it violated the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Plessy v. Ferguson was a case in which police arrested Homer Plessy for refusing to leave a railroad car that prohibited “colored” people, but was not sentenced due to the Jim Crow Laws.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. was a case in which a teacher accused T.L.O. of smoking in the bathroom. When she denied the allegation, the principal searched her purse and found cigarettes and marijuana paraphernalia. T.L.O. was not sentenced due to it being a search without a warrant.
Mapp v. Ohio was a case in which police officers discovered obscene materials and arrested Dollree Mapp. Because the police officers never produced a search warrant, she argued that the materials should be suppressed as the fruits of an illegal search and seizure.
In Re Gault was a case in which Juvenile involved in a delinquency hearing must be afforded similar due process rights as is afforded to an adult. It was ultimately established that under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Engle v. Vitale was a case in which the New York school system, each day began with a prayer acknowledging dependence upon God. This action was challenged in Court as an unconstitutional state establishment of religion in violation of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court agreed that it was a violation.
Brown v. Board of Education was a case in which the Supreme Court sanctioned segregation by upholding the doctrine of "separate but equal." People disagreed with this ruling, challenging the constitutionality of segregation. In 1954, the Court reversed its Plessy decision, declaring that "separate schools are inherently unequal."
Roe v. Wade was a case in which Norma McCorvey sought an abortion in Texas, but was denied under state law, on grounds that it unconstitutionally restricted the woman’s right to choose.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier was a case in which the principal of Hazelwood East High School edited two articles in the school paper. Supreme Court disagreed, stating that administrators can edit materials that reflect school values.
Reynolds v. Sims was a case in which African Americans march for equal voting rights. The Supreme Court ruled that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that states be equal in population.
Miranda v. Arizona was a case in which Ernesto Miranda confessed to rape and kidnapping. At trial, he sought to suppress his confession, stating that he was not advised of his rights. The Supreme Court agreed, holding that police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
Schenck v. US was a case in which Charles Schenck was arrested for distributing literature discouraging young men from enlisting in the armed forces. His speech sounded like he was violating his rights of freedom of speech.
Marbury v. Madison was a case in which Congress gave the Supreme Court the authority to issue certain judicial writs. but the Constitution did not give the Supreme Court this power. In the end, it established the doctrine of judicial review.
Gideon v. Wainwright was a case in which Gideon was accused of committing a felony. He petitioned the judge to provide him with an attorney free of charge, but he was denied. The Supreme Court ruled saying that the Sixth Amendment requires indigent criminal defendants to be provided a free attorney.