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The Skeletal System Mia Cervantes P.5 (Disorders: (Osteoporosis: bone…
The Skeletal System Mia Cervantes P.5
Bones
Skull= Facial bones, carnium
Arm= Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Vertebra, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Leg= Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Cervical vertebra, Sacrum, Sternum, Rib, 1-7 true ribs, 8-10 false ribs, 11-12 floating ribs, Jugular, curricular notch, manubrium, sternal angle, body, xiphoid process, costal cartilage.
Long bone
: are longer than they are wide, Shaft plus two heads.
6 main parts of structure: Diaphysis- shaft of compact bone
Medullary cavity- filled with yellow bone marrow (fat storage)
Epiphysis- Ends of bone, contains red bone marrow.
Articular cartilage- Smooth, glassy cartilage allows bones to glide past each other.
Periosteum- Covers bone, attachment site for muscles, tendons and ligaments.
Endosteum- Thin membrane lining medullary cavity, connective tissue.
Compact bone
; Appears solid, arranged in rings (concentric lamella)
Bone remodeling
: Old none is replaces by new bone constantly, Store minerals and fat away in our bones and take them back when we need them forcing bones to be destroyed and new one to be made.
Joints
Fibrous joint: no movement, grows between two bones example; sutures of skull
Cartilaginous Joint- slight movement, connects articulating bones, example; pubic symphysis or intervertebral disks in spine connected by either hyaline or fibrocartilage.
Synovial Joint: allows for free movement more complex, ends of joints.
Difference between male and female pelvis
Size: male skeleton generally larger
Shape of pelvis: male pelvis deep and narrow, female broad and shallow.
Size of pelvic inlet: female pelvic inlet generally wider, normally large enough for a baby head to pass through it.
Pubic angle: angle between pubic bones of female generally wider
Six Kinds of synovial joints
Ball-and-socket: very wide range of motion is possible. ex: include the shoulder and hip joints.
2, Condylar joint; a varity of motions ex: is the joint between a metacarpal and phalange
Plane joints or gliding joints: a back and forth motion the joints of the wrist and ankle and those between vertebrae are gliding joints.
Hinge joint: a convex surface fits into a concave surface, as is found in the elbow and phalange joints movement is in one plane only.
Pivot Joint: A cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of none and fibrous tissue: e, include the joint between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna and between the dens of the axis and the atlas.
Saddle Joint: permits movements in two planes the joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb is of this type.
Disorders:
Osteoporosis: bone thinning disease makes bone fragile and break easily. effected women over age 65. affects long bones and spine.
Sprain: Ligaments or tendons reinforcing joints are torn or stretched.
Bursitis: inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction.
Tendonitis: inflammation of tendon sheaths.
Arthritis: inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints. over 100 different types.
Osteoarthritis: most common chronic arthritis, probably related to normal aging processes, physical trauma or repetitive motion.
Gouty arthritis (Gout): Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals with diet and limit alcohol use.,