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Central Nervous System (Spinal Cord (Filum Terminale: made of connective…
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
Wernicke Area: place of speech comprehension, located in the left hemisphere
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Precentral Gyrus: location of primary motor cortex. Has pyramidal neurons.
Postcentral Gyrus: location of primary somato sensory cortex
Lobes
Temporal: place of primary auditory and olfactory cortex, perceives sounds and smells, can recognize object.
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Parietal: this part of the brain processes sensory stimuli, is aware of general somatic sensation, and aware of objects
Insula: place of primary cortex for gustation and general visceral sensation which includes discomfort/pain
Frontal: where planning, thinking, decision making occurs
CNS Protection
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Epidural Space: does not wrap around the brain but wraps around the spinal cord, also is filled with fat
Meninges:
1) Dura mater: the toughest layer, includes the periosteal and meningeal layer
2) Arachoid mater: place of subarachoid space that is filled with C.S.F. and blood vessels
3) Pia mater: very thin vascular layers that contains capillaries
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Brain Stem
Pons: involved w/ autonomic behavior, pyramidal tract, cerebellar tract
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Diencephalon
Hypothalamus: the visceral control center, composed of several nuclei, controls the autonomic nervous system with help of gray matter in the brain stem.
Epithalamus: has a nucleus, includes the pineal gland that secretes melatonin (for sleeping)
Thalamus: composed of several nuclei, all conscious sensory signals go through the thalamus on the way to the cortex except for olfaction.
Cerebellum: function is to smooth and coordinate equilibrium, posture, and body movement with other parts of the brain
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Inferior Peduncle: connects the medulla oblongata to the cerebellum also the place of proprioception and equilibrium info.
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Spinal Cord
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Anterior root: is the efferent motor root of the spinal nerve, consists of axons of visceral and somatic motor neurons, (carries neural signals away from CNS)
Cauda Equina: also known as "horses tail" because of appearance and located on the end of conus medullaris
Posterior root: transmits sensory signals, is an afferent sensory root (signals travel towards spinal cord)
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