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central nervous system (cerebrum (three tracts (commissural (connect parts…
central nervous system
diencephalon
thalamus- multi nucleated
relay station
all sensory signals to cerebral cortex
except olfactory and orbit
amplify or tone down the signals
hypothalamus
control endocrine
regulate the secretion of pituitary hormones.
autonomic system
regulate temperature
emotional for behavior and sex
regulate food and water intake
visceral function
regulate sleep and wake
memory formation
epithalamus
pineal gland
melatonin prepare us for sleep
CNS protection
dural mater - dense fibrous connective tissue
periosteum layer -
only
on brain
meningeal layer
dural sinuses
in between dural mater layers
filled with deoxygenated blood which goes to internal jugular vein.
epidural space
only
in spinal cord
consist of adipose tissue
arachnoid mater (delicate than dura mater)
pia mater - gentle fibrous connective tissue
vascular and capillary rich
sub arachnoid space
contains cerebral spinal fluid
brain stem
medula oblongata
structures
decussation pyramid
cross over from one side to another
all ascending sensory information
all parts of brain stem,
cranial nerve nuclei
cranial nerve connect with brain
pyramids
cortex of pre central gyrus- motor output through pyramidal tract
sensory tracts
ascending afferent
unconscious functions
vasomotor center- blood pressure
respiratory center- breathing rate
cardiac center - heart
pons
middle cerebral peduncle
connect cerebellum to cerebral cortex
reticular formation nuclei
autonomic behavior
midbrain
cerebral peduncles
pyramidal motor tracts from cerebrum to spinal cord
corpora quadrigemina
superior colliculi
visual reflex
inferior colliculi
auditory reflex
cerebellum
cerebellar peduncles
superior
connect mid brain to cerebellum
middle
connects pons to cerebellum
inferior
connects medulla oblongata to cerebellum
cerebellum
coordinate body movement
maintains upright posture
spinal cord
cauda equina
nerve roots extending below conus medularis
filum terminale-within cauda equina
anchors conus medullaris to coccyx
conus medullaris
end of true spina cord
posterior root
carry visceral and somatic multipolar motors to the PNS
anterior root
carry visceral and somatic unipolar sensory to the CNS
cerebrum
post central gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex
Broca areas
control motor movement of speech
Wernicke areas
understand speech name object
record words
three tracts
commissural
connect parts indifferent hemisphere
projection
sensory information goes up motor cortex goes down
association
connect parts in same hemisphere
insula
gustation cortex for taste general visceral sensation
stretch discomfort pain
pre central gyrus
primary motor cortex
Parietal lobe
receives sensory information and process it.
sense of touch , sounds and body parts. awareness of somatic division
Temporal lobe
auditory and olfactory cortex
memory emotions smell hearing
Occipital lobe
vision
Frontal lobe
attention planning decision making