Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Heart Failure (Risk Factors (High Blood Pressure, CAD, Heart Attack,…
Heart Failure
Risk Factors
High Blood Pressure
CAD
Heart Attack
Diabetes
Sleep Apnea
Smoking
Congenital Heart Defects
Alcohol
Obesity
Valvular heart disease
Viral Infection
Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Multiple pregnancies
Symptoms
Dyspnea
SOB
activity
lying flat
Peripheral edema
Ascites
Nausea
Fatigue
Chest pain
Cough
Water retention
swollen ankles
swollen neck veins
Palpitations
nocturia
low BP
Diagnosis
Blood test
BNP
Pro-BNP
EKG
LVEF decreased with systolic HF
CXR
L sided heart failure
pleural effusion
cardiomegaly
width of heart on PA view w deep insp > than 50% width of chest diameter
pulmonary HTN and pulmonary vascular congestion
Coronary angiogram
Auscultation
Heart sounds
S3
lung sounds
crackles
Stress test
Treadmill test
imaging
MRI
CT scan
PPCM
heart failure develops in last month pregnancy or within 5 mo. delivery
Ejection fraction < 45%
Pathophysiology
Diastolic
ischemic heart disease, hypertension, infection or diabetes
injury to myocardium
heart muscle thickens (hypertrophy) to maintain cardiac output
increases peripheral resistance
less room for blood in ventricles
decreases ventricular volume & tissue perfusion
impaired ventricular relaxation
Increased ventricular stiffness
elevated left atria size and pressure
atrial fibrillation and decreased cardiac output
1 more item...
Systolic
infarct or ischemia (MI)
cardiomyocytes are starved of oxygen and die
less muscle is left to do the same amount of work
reduced cardiac output
decreased carotid baroreceptor stimulation
decreased renal perfusion
activation of sympathetic nervous system
Renin-Angiotensin system
fluid retention in heart
increased wall stress
increased oxygen demand
1 more item...
myocardial hypertrophy
increased after load in ventricles
back flow of fluid into the atriums
1 more item...
vasoconstriction
heart can't contract blood against increased resistance of peripheral vessels
increased heart rate (cardiac output)
sympathetic nervous system inhibited by beta blockers
impaired contractility of myocytes
less blood can be pumped out of ventricles
increased diastolic volume and decreased ejection fraction
symptoms of heart failure
Pericardium Cardiomyopathy
heart chambers enlarge and muscle weakens
Decreased % blood ejected from L ventricle
Less blood flow
Heart unable to meet demands of body's organs for O2
Lungs, liver, other body systems affected
occurs during pregnancy or immediately after giving birth
diagnosed when EF is less than 45%
no other reasons for HF can be found
Medical Management
Surgery
Surgical ventricular remodeling
Ventricular resynchronization therapy
Ventricular assist device implantation
Implantable cardioverter-defibrilators
Heart transplantation
Coronary bypass
Heart valve repair
LVAD
Intra-aortic balloon pump
Meds
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Beta blockers
Diuretics
Aldosterone antagonists
Iontropes
Digoxin