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Authority of Halacha in the Classical Sources (By: Jesse Youdai H…
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Brachot 5a:
Rabbi Lakish said that God gave Moses the written and oral Torah at Mount Sinai. God promised the Jewish people the ten commandments.
In this image it shows one mighty being at the top of Mount Sinai, which in this image is God. God in this image is giving us everything and the Jewish people at the bottom are their astonished, as they should be. God is the almighty ruler which is why we must respect the commandments he gave us.
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This shows that the relationship between God and humans in determining Halacha is God gave us everything on Mount Sinai. He gave us the Ten Commandments, the Chumash, the Mishnah, the Prophets and Writings, and the Talmud. In this text it shows that the relationship is that God gave us everything so we must follow and accept the rules of the commandments that God gave us as it is. The humans role is to also interpret his teachings and lessons.
Seder Eliahu Zuta 2
A king gave two servants wheat and a bundle of flax and one of the servants left everything the same and one made bread and cloth. The one who made the bread was more beloved.
In this case, the relationship between humans and God is God gave the humans the material to learn from and expand on. Similar to how the king loved the servant that made the wheat and flax into bread and cloth, God loved Israel because he believed they will expand on the Torah and be able to make different interpretations and scenarios in which the Torah can be applied. The human's role is to take the lessons and teachings and make it relevant to our lives and it is our obligation to keep on developing our interpretations.
I believe this image represents the relationship being presented because it is a book of commentaries on the Torah. In this text it is saying that God wanted us to take the Torah and be able to expand on it and apply it. I belive Richard Elliot Freidman's book, Commentary on the Torah, is exactly what God intended for the people of Israel.
Shabbat 88a
God threatened the people of Israel that he was going to flip Mount Sinai upside down and he said that they either accept the Torah and follow them or he'll drop Mount Sinai on them and kill them.
I chose the image because it represents God's power over the humans. The man in the picture has a going pointed at a person and he immediatley has power over the man because he is inducing a fear of losing their life. This is the same fear God induced in the Jewish people because he threatened to kill the people of Israel if they didn't follow his rules.
This shows a more hostile role between God and the humans in determining Halacha. In this text it is saying that God only gave us two options, to study, learn and follow his commandments or die. This presents God as more of an authority figure that is to be feared rather than honored.
Bava Metzia 59b
The human's role is to interpret the Torah and argue the halachot that should be created. In Rabbi Eliezer's case, he didn't argue his halacha and why it is the case. Instead, Rabbi Eliezer used God's miracles which is immediately turned down by the majority and results in the other Rabbis disproving God's points through his own words and the halachot they created. Rabbi Eliezer is wrong because the Torah is from the heavens and the Halachot are made by the humans and since Halachot is meant to be separate from the Torah in the heavens one can't disprove the other.
In this image, Moses is turning his staff into a snake. He does this to prove to the Egyptians that God is on his side and his miracles are with him. However, this doesn't result in anything because it isn't the word of God and just showing his miracles is not productive. Instead of using God's miracles as an excuse or reference point, you just have to argue it yourself.
Rabbis were arguing if an oven was pure or impure based on the condition it was in. Rabbi Eliezer was the only one arguing that it was kosher, but instead of using his own arguments, he used God's miracles to justify what he was saying, which ultimately led to him being excommunicated by majority rule.
Eruvin 13b
In this image are the two greatest soccer players in the world who are considered rivals. Although their are constant arguments on who is better both credit their adversary with having great amount of skill and talent. This relates to the House of Hillel and the House of Shamai because although they share different ideas the House of Hillel shares their ideas and respects them.
The House of Hilel and the House of Shamai were arguing Halacha for 3 years, until a heavenly voice came and said that both were right. However, people would follow the House of Hillel because they were more humble and pleasing and they also taught the words of the House of Shamai.
In this relationship between God and the humans, God believes adversary is good but it shouldn't cause a disconnect in groups. Each group with different ideas should be humble about their opinions and even introduce their adversary's ideas. In this case Hilel and Shamai are different but Hilel is favored because of their humbleness and their willingness to introduce the ideas of Shamai.
