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Developing American Identity 1820-1880 (Temperance (Most widespread of all…

- - - - Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton led it
        
        Seneca Falls Convention on July 19,1848 declared that men and women are equal.
        
        1850 to Civil War the leaders held annual conventions, delivered lectures, and made petitions for women's rights.
- - - - Championed use by reason. Rejected belief that bible was completely true. Questioned divinity of Christ.
        
        Defended free speech and hated religious coercion of all sorts
    - - More followers joined when French Revolution took place
        
        Soon there was a deist society in every major city.
  - - - Boston became a center for Unitarianism
        
        By 1826, there were 125 Unitarian churches, with a handful outside Boston
    - - Man was inherently good and reason trumped religious creeds. All are eligible for salvation.
  - - - God is too merciful to condemn one to eternal punishment.
  - - - Replaced Anglicanism as dominant religion.
        
        Aggressively tried to convert men, women, Indians, and African Americans.
        
        Richard Allen established the African Methodist Episcopal to get blacks to join
        
        Anyone could gain salvation by an act of free will. Established a more centralized church structure
      - Life of cheerfulness. Sang hymns, welcomed poor
    - - Embraced simplicity doctrine.
        
        Appealed tor rural people
        
        Bible infallible and recognize human depravity.
        
        Everyone could get salvation
        
        Attracted blacks.
    - - Appealed to Scot-Irish people
      - Gained more followers with Plan of Union with Congregationalists. This made them into Presbygationalist
    - - Grew in the burned-over district (Upstate New York) from the speaking of Charles Finney.
        
        Said that people could gain salvation by accepting Jesus
        
        Oberlin College became a hotbed of religious reform
    - - Joseph Smith was barely literate child from Vermont. Founded it.
        
        When he was young he told his vision-prone parents that he met God and Christ whom both forgave his sins.
        
        3 and 1/2 years later when he was treasure hunting he met the Angel Moroni. Went to the place where it happened for next 3 years to talk to the Angel.
        
        Created Book of Mormon as Gospel
        
        Denied legitimacy of civil governments and Constitution.
        
        His people were denied settlement in community so they moved west.
        
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      - Opposed slavery, other faiths false, no hell, and second coming is soon. No original sin.
      - Crowd of thousands in New England, mostly poor farmers.
        
        Most cutoff from organized communities.
        
        Close knit community, secret rituals, assurance of righteousness, refuse to follow local laws.
    - - Inspired by Romanticism.
      - Foster spirituality in harmony with perfectionism of both divine and of divinity's creation.
      - High Priest was Waldo Emerson
  - - - Established the "Free Love" Doctrine and fled to New York State to set up the community.
- - - - Trained as lawyer, sponsored creation of state board of education.
        
        Became its leader. Sponsored many reforms including training for teachers, state associate, and a minimum school year of 6 months.
        
        Massachusetts required that High schools to be built in towns of 500 and in towns of over 4000 they should have Latin, Greek, rhetoric, and other college prep courses
    - - Enrolled more than 2/3 of white school age population.
        
        4 month school years due to farming
  - - - Emphasized theology
        
        Technical education came slowly.
- - - - He outraged the South. Dragged through the streets of Boston in 1835 by his neck.
        
        He became part of all the reform movements.
  - - - Members were northerners, black activists, and Quakers.
        
        Each Chapter affiliated with a church and had 160000 members by 1840.
        
        In 1840, Garrisonians convinced the society to participate equally in the organization.
      - Wanted Slavery to end and equality for blacks.
        
        Fredrick Douglass, William Wells Brown, and Henry Bibb joined the society as former slaves. They became powerful for the society.
        
        Sojourner Truth created the connection between feminism and abolition movement which brought women to fight slavery.