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Communication TFM (Melody: Melody is a succession of arranged sounds that…

- - - - Melody of the piece should model that of regular speech patterns: rising to the peak of a thought, descending to the end of the idea.
  - - - A 2017 study showed that music with a simple repetitive melody can help clients recall information, such as words(Shoemark, 2017).
  - - - Because the melody is contoured to that of regular speech patterns, it can be used to help the listener recall information.
- - - - We do not want to overstimulate this client, so we will be utilizing a mezzo-forte dynamic that models that of an average conversation.
  - - - Dynamic changes are not as effective with children as other musical techniques, such as pitch changes. (Sussman, 2011)
  - - - Dynamics are the "loud" vs "soft" elements of the music. With this client, dynamics should be at a regular speaking/interacting level to keep the client from being overstimulated.
- - - - A study from 2018 found that children do not have the mental maturity to process complex harmony. The study also found that when very simple harmony was used to phrase endings, clients were able to anticipate phrases(Kragness, 2018).
  - - - Harmony will not be used with this client to avoid overstimulation
  - - - Music should use harmony sparingly. Only simple harmony should be used at the ends of phrases to signal response if the client isn't overstimulated.
- - - - Rhythm has a significant effect on the development of language skills in children. Rhythm has shown to increase learning languages in children with language deficits(Schon, 2015). Rhythm also has shown an increase in language learning when rhythm is used in conjunction with the words and phrases(Gordon, 2015)
  - - - Music will include simple rhythms that follow the contour of natural speech
  - - - Music should use consistent rhythm in conjunction to phrases. Using rhythm that relates to the phrase pattern will help to solidify neurological pathways.
- - - - Lyrics will be directional so that the client is able to know what is being asked of them.
  - - - Parent speech patterns greatly influences the speech of their children. (Fein et. al, 2018)
  - - - Lyrics will be used with this client by providing a stable directive nature that the client will be able to follow the directions and receive verbal praise through the lyrics.
- - - - A study completed found that elementary students preferred to listen to music that included faster music. This contributes to client engagement(Rachael, 2013).
  - - - Tempo should be considered when choosing music. Attention levels of children play a large roll in tempo choices. A slower tempo could potentially decrease attention.
  - - - The song will utilize a quick tempo to improve engagement.
- - - - Meter will aid in providing a steady tempo for the client to follow along with.
  - - - A strong pulse will provide a sense of stability to the listener. (Zhao, 2017)
  - - - The song will use a steady meter to stabilize the listener.
- - - - A Study from 2013 found that the use of melody chunking could help with music processing. The same article also found that using repeating phrasing and sections yielded more positive results(Neuhaus, 2013)
  - - - The song will contain repetitive phrases to ensure that they client will have an opportunity to correctly process the request.
  - - - Music should contain repeating phrases. The repetition of phrases helps to make ideas concrete
- - - - A study from 2014 found that music styles should relate culturly to traditional music for the client. Music should also be in the most comfortable languages for the client. The study showed that the participants responded much more when music was in their preferred language(Brittin, R. V. (2014).
  - - - Music will be in English. Music will also be in a traditional simple childrens music style
  - - - Music should be in the native language of the client. Music should also be in a culturally appropriate style.
- - - - Pitch will remain in a comfortable range that is comparable to the speaking range of children so that, if the client is able to sing along, they can do so comfortably.
  - - - Pitch should remain between a G#3 and a C5 to stay within the range of a child. (Mladkova, 1989)
  - - - Should the client choose to sing along, the pitch will be within a comfortable range.
- - - - Music with a complex texture has shown to be too complex for young minds to process(Davison, 2003)
  - - - Music is simple with minimal texture.
  - - - Texture should be kept very simple as to not overstimulate the client.
- - - - The timbre should be comparable to a regular speaking voice so that the client can transfer what is used in the greeting song to their everyday interactions.
  - - - The timbre used with this client should be one comparable to a regular speaking voice and resting within the range of the client.
  - - - Children are able to detect "old" vs "new" timbres in recorded music. (Dawber, 2015)