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Developing American Identity (Temperance (Started by evangelical…
Developing American Identity
Temperance
Started by evangelical temperance reformers and popular
among the middle class
Emphasis against hard alcohol instead of complete abstinence, and of moral principle, not legal measures against alcohol.
Partly influenced by second great awakening, connected many of the reform movements that happened during this time
Women
New faces were now being seen, as women began to take teaching roles, nursing, and other roles outside of the domestic field
suffrage and abolishing slavery is discussed at the Seneca Falls convention
Many women pushed to reform schools, to make it more accessible to women, and to improve it
Religion/Utopian Society
Multiple new branches of Christianity are created
Second Great Awakening starts, and influences many moments of the time, such as abolitionists and temperance
Mormons establishing a settlement in Utah is just one example of a religion trying to create a "Utopian" society
Abolitionist Movement
Started by Enlightenment thinkers for violated the rights of man, and religious folk that saw it as un-Christian
Antislavery in Great Britain quickly brought it to an end there, but stuck in the United States
Slavery much more of a economic means in the South, so much harder to abolish, as peoples live hood were at stake
Education
First free public education centered around moral values and Calvinism
Common in New England colonies but rare in the South, as children were typically taught by parent or tutor
In the 1800s, Horace Mann of Massachusetts led the common-school movement, which advocated for local property taxes financing public schools. Mann also emphasized positive reinforcement instead of punishment.