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Developing American Identity 1820-1880 (Education (Horace Mann started…
Developing American Identity 1820-1880
Abolitionist Movement
Several Antislavery Societies Formed
Publicized the horrors of slavery through newspapers
Denmark Vesey
A slave revolt that was unsuccessful
Missouri Compromise
Enables Missouri to enter as a slave state
Banned slavery west of Missouri
Schools established to educate young black children
Temperance
Factory owners decided to help this reform when they heard it could bring down the crime and poverty rates
German and Irish Immigrants were largely opposed to this temperance campaign but they lacked the political power to prevent the state and city government to reform
The high rate of alcohol consumption prompted reformers to target alcohol as the cause of social ills
Groups Against Drinking
American Temperance Society which tried to make people take a pledge of total abstinence
Washingtonians was a alcoholics recovery group that practiced helpful treatment methods towards drinking
Religion / Utopian Society
The Second Great Awakening
Religious revivals swept through the United states as a reaction against the rationalism
Baptists and Methodists
Started in the South and was advancing West and attracted thousands of people and became the largest protestant denomination in the country
Mormons
I religion developed by Joseph Smith in 1830. His teachings were based on the Book of Mormon
The Second Great Awakening caused new divisions in the society between the newer and the older protestant churches
Calvinism
Was a counterattack against these liberal views from the 1790's
These revivals were successful because educated preachers would be easily understood by the uneducated
These movements seemed to be attuned to the democratization of American Society
Transcendentalists
These people questioned the doctrines of established churches and the business practices
They argued for a mystical and intuitive way of thinking as a means for discovering one's inner self and looking for the essence of God in nature.
Education
Public education was common in New England
Level of education varied between gender, race, social class and more
Horace Mann started reform movement
Common School Movement
Argued that educated was the way to turn unruly children into disciplined
Schools were established to educate young black children
A local affair governed by local school boards