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Developing American Identity 1820-1880 (Abolitionist Movement…
Developing American Identity 1820-1880
Abolitionist Movement
Movement to end slavery in america
wanted to end racial segregation
Linked with the women’s rights movement
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucy Stone
Lead to the civil war as the main cause
Frederick Douglas
By-product of the Second Great Awakening. It placed slavery as a sin and emancipation the price for repentance
Garrisonians
William Henry Garrison led
abandoned churches corrupt w slavery
encouraged people in the North not to vote because of a pro-slavery constitution
Sojourner Truth
Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Procalmation
Sectionalism in the Methodist and Baptist churches
Temperance
Factory owners and politicians join in movement because it would reduce crime and poverty and increase worker's efficiency.
alcohol was blamed for many societal issues crime, and poverty.
Maine was first state to prohibit manufacturing and sale of intoxicating liquor
12 more states followed before civil war
German and Irish immigrants opposed to temperance campaign
In 1850s, slavery issued overshadowed it but temperance movement regained strength in late 70s with support from Women's Christian Temperance Union
The movement had a lot of support and cooperation from Women
American Temperance Society founded
Several societies and organizations were formed and urged people to take a pledge of abstinence
Education
"The Common School Period"
Horace Mann and Henry Barnard created the first statewide common schools in Massachusetts and Connecticut
want school to be available to all children
Helped many young men move up socially
To preserve social stability and prevent crime/poverty
public school financed by public funds
common in New England but rare in South
Morrill grant Act
McGruffey Reader textbook
Religion / Utopian Society
Brook Farm
transcendentalist Romance
farm land together
members would have more time for science and literature which would thus help the entire American community
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Harmonites of Ambridge
Fruitlands
self sufficient farming
settlers forbidden to eat meat,consume stimulants, use any form of animal labor, create artificial light, enjoy hot baths or drink anything but water
Charles Lane
Louisa May Alcott
Second Great Awakening
stirred up emotional outpourings of Christian fervor
emphasis on human will and a more loving God
sharp turn from Calvinism
promoted more social reforms
abolition: a person can only freely choose God if they are free
era of experimentation and optimism
Oneida
The Shakers
Women
Letter on the Condition of Women and the Equality of sexes
wrote in protest by Sarah Grimke
Were apart of antislavery movement as many women reformers were
Women suffrage movement
National Women's Suffrage Association
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony
directed attention to federal law and opposition of 15th amendment bc it excluded women
American Women's Suffrage Association
Lucy Stone
Aimed for reform at state level
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Began campaigning for women's rights after barred from speaking at anti-slavery convention
National Women's Rights Convention
Frederick Douglas, Stone, and Sojourner Truth in attendance
Alliance formed with Abolitionist Movement
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
leading feminists met in NY
first women's rights convention in American history
issued a document modeled after Dec of Ind and made "Declaration of Sentiments" that declared all men and women were created equal and listed grievances against laws/customs that discriminated against them
Efforts put to a halt during Civil War