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Developing American Identity (1820-1880) (Women ((Active in Reform…
Developing American Identity (1820-1880)
Temperance
The temperance movement emerged as a backlash against the rising popularity of drinking.
Owing largely to this association's impact, consumption of liquor began to decrease in the late 1830s and early 1840s, and many states passed restrictions or bans on the sale of alcohol.
Founded in 1826, the American Temperance Society advocated total abstinence from alcohol. Many advocates saw drinking as an immoral and irreligious practice that caused poverty or mental instability.
During the 1830s, an increasing number of workingmen joined the movement in concern over the ill effects of alcohol on job performance.
Women
Leaders:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Grimke Sisters, Catherine Beecher, Susan B. Anthony
Women's Colleges
Oberlin
Active in Reform Movement: Abolition, Temperance, Asylum,Republican Motherhood
Lack of Education, Legal Rights (Property, Divorce), Suffrage
Religion/ Utopian Society
Reformers in the aftermath of the Second Great Awakening sought to get away from authoritarian power structures but still provide for all members of the group.
Brook Farm, New Harmony, the Shaker and Amana communities, and Oneida Colony were typical trials of utopian communes
New Harmony, founded in 1825 in Indiana by wealthy Scottish textile manufacturer Robert Owen, ironically perished early from lack of harmony among its participants.
The Amana communities in New York and Iowa were also short-lived, fading away by the end of the 1850s.
Generally socialistic, these communities failed to thrive in America’s capitalistic culture once the vision and dedication of the original founders was gone.
Education
established free public schools for Children of all classes.
Horace Mann (1796-1859)
the leading advocate of the common (public) school movement for tax-supported school spread rapidly to other states.
As a result of the reform for public schooling, in 1840 the movement spread rapidly to other states. The efforts of Hann for public education became possible.
Abolitionist
movement in opposition to slavery
created social tension btwn the north and the south
often demanded the imediate emancipation of al slaves
advocated for legal but not social equality
American antislavery society
was an organization in opposition to slavery founded in 1833
women played a big role
Theodore Weld
was an abolitionist student at the Lane Theological Seminary.
He led an antislavery demonstration on campus and a mass withdrawal of students from the school.