Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Developing American Identity 1820-1880 (Abolitionist Movement (American…
Developing American Identity 1820-1880
Education
Public schools established for people of all classes
Moral education
Reformers wanted children to learn moral principles as well. A series of textbooks became widely used to teach reading and morality. It touched on virtues of hard work, punctuality, and sobriety
Higher education
Religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening helped fuel the growth of private colleges. Various Protestant denominations formed small denominational colleges.
Free common schools
Horace Mann was the leading advocate of the public school movement. Worked for compulsory attendance, a longer school year, and increased teacher preparation
Religion/Utopian Society
Religious revivals swep through the U.S, partly as a reaction against rationalism during the Revolution
The Second Great Awakening
Calvinism
Calvinists were rejected by liberal believers
Baptists and Methodists
Started in the South, and in 1850 these both were the largest Protestant denominations in the country
Mormons
Migrated to the Western Frontier to escape persecution. Their practice of polygamy aroused hostility with the U.S government
Temperance
movement to abstain from drinking alcohol
Society tried to persuade drinkers to take a pledge of total abstinence
By the 1840's, various temperance societies together had more than a million members
German and Irish immigrants were largely opposed but lacked political power to prevent governments from passing reform
Factory owners and politicians supported reformers because the temperance measures would reduce crime and poverty and increase worker's output on the job
Maine prohibited the sale of alcohol, and 12 states followed
Movement lost momentum in the 1850's due to the issue of slavery and the civil war
Women
Industrialization reduced the economic value of children and allowed women to have more leisure time to devote to religious and moral uplift organizations
Women's Rights
Women reformers resented the way men relegated them to secondary roles in the movement and prevented them from taking part fully in policy discussions
Seneca Falls Convention
The leading feminists met at Seneca Falls in New York, declaring that all men and women were created equal. Their declaration also had their grievances against laws and customs that discriminated against them.
Cult of Domesticity
Industrialization also changed the roles of the family. When the husband took jobs outside the home and was absent most of the time, women took charge of the household and children. The idealized view of women as moral leaders in the home is named the Cult of Domesticity
Abolitionist Movement
American Antislavery Society
Garrison proposed immediate abolition of slavery in every state and territory without compensating slaveowners. He and other reformers formed the American Antislavery Society
Liberty Party
Garrison's radicalism led to a split in the abolitionist movement. Believing that political action was a more practical route to reform than Garrison's moral crusade, a group of Northern reformers formed the Liberty Party to end slavery by legal and political means.
American Colonization Society
The idea of transporting free slaves to an African colony was first tried in 1817. Appealed to reformers because the racists wanted to get rid of blacks in society.
Black Abolitionists
Escaped slaves and free African Americans were the most outspoken and convincing critics of slavery. Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman, and David Ruggles were all African American leaders