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Dylan and Katie (Observational Studies and Experiments: Observation…
Dylan and Katie
Observational Studies and Experiments: Observation studies are data collected based off of the normal habits of people performing targeted actions in addition to selected control groups. However experiments are questions that are asked by researchers who will then attempt to support or prove their hypothesis wrong by ‘treating’ selected subjects in a controlled environment.
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Lurking variable: A variable that is not the explanatory variable that is being looked at in a study but may affect the results. This could be bad in an observational study because you cannot manipulate the study to eradicate the lurking variables. In an observational study, if you were observing how fast cars drive, a lurking variable could be the weather or the conditions of the roads. Variables like these could change the outcome of the study.
Examples of Differences: Experiments are controlled by the conductors and analyzers, but they are controlled by the basic needs of the subjects in an observational study. The variables in observational studies are unable to be manipulated and observers are forced to stay out of the happenings.
Vocabulary
Factors: Factors are another way of saying variable. They are different happenings that are meant to produce different results within an experiment or study.
Treatments: The treatments are the actions on a subject or experimental unit that is targeted to produce a specific response in order to support or not support a hypothesis.
Experimental Units / Subjects: The experimental units are the object that the treatment if being performed on. Subjects are simply the people being observed in an experiment or observational study.
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Placebo Effect: The manipulation of an experiment in which the Placebo acts as a control to make sure whatever it is being tested against shows the opposite effects. For example, in medicine, a patient might be prescribed a drug that is being tested and another patient in the same study would be prescribed the placebo. This is to make sure that the drug shows the intended effects.
Blinding: Used with placebo to make sure that no bias forms in a study to affect the accuracy of the control. In this type of study, certain information is withheld from them to maintain the control aspect. In the study of the drug discussed above, the patients are blind to wether or not they have the drug or the placebo.
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Non-Sampling Error: Parts of the survey not related to the actual collection of data that lead to bias.
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Wording Bias: The formatting of a question that could influence the answers given by the population by using context and influential connotation.
Dogs are a loud and messy nuisance in public. They bark and poop everywhere and interrupt life's memorable moments. Do you support the banning of dogs at the soccer field during soccer games so that we can enjoy soccer games in peace?
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A survey was given to surgery patients who had an appendectomy about the quality of their hospital visit. They were selected at random from a list of all the people who had that surgery that month by assigning numbers to each name in alphabetical order and finding those numbers in a random data set. If the hospital was much too large, a cluster sample would be necessary. In this, all the patients from one wing would be randomly selected from that specific section in the same fashion.
More specifics for Joe no Stat: The numbered list of all of the patients or patients from just one wing would be alphabetized and numbered from 01 to whatever the final number is, 001 if there are hundreds of people being surveyed. Using a random number set, a line will be chosen to sift through each number and numbers within the desired set will be selected and then ignored if selected again. Numbers outside of the desired set are also ignored. This will be repeated until the proper number of subjects have been chosen to accurately represent the population.
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