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Skeletal System (Bones Growth (Types of bone (Osteocytes (Mature bone…

- - - - Mature bone cells
    - - Bone forming cells
    - - Destroy
  - - - Not enough affects growth
      - Plate closer stops growth
    - - Plate closure
      - Osteoporosis in old age
    - - Secreted by thyroid gland
      - Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts and increased blood calcium
  - - - Allow for growth of long bone during childhood
      - New cartilage is continuously formed
      - Older cartilage becomes ossified
    - - Bone replaced cartilage
      - Growth in thickness bone added by periodsteal growth
  - - - Occurs directly in connective tissue membranes
    - - Skull, mandible, ribs and cavicles
- - - - Immovable or slightly moveable
    - - Generally immovable
  - - - Bones united by fibrous tissue
    - - Holds bones together
    - - Distal end of tibia and fibula
    - - Intervertebral disc
    - - Found joint cavity
  - - - Slightly moveable
    - - Freely moveable
    - - Immovable joints
- - - - Lateral portion
      - Forms marjority of bone
    - - Sit down bone
    - - Anterior portion
  - - - Lateral not weight bearing
    - - Tarsal
    - - Tibia
      - Attached medially
    - - Bones of sole of foot
    - - Formed by femur
      - Attached by coxal bone proximally
    - - Fingers
    - - Heel bone
    - - Superior to calcaneus
      - Tibia rests on top
  - - - More than 90 degree
      - Shallower and lighter
      - Larger rounded
    - - Narrower heart-shaped
      - Less than 90 degrees
- - - - Secure periosteum to underlying bone
    - - Cavity of the shaft contain yellow
    - - Outside covering of diaphysis
      - Fibrous connective tissue membrane
    - - Flat plate of hyaline cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis
    - - Supply bone cells with nutrients compact bone
    - - Ends of bone
      - Mostly spongy bone
    - - Small needle-like pieces of bone in a pattern called trabeculae
    - - Shaft long portion of long bone
      - Composed of compact bone
    - - Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
      - Made of hyaline cartilage
  - - - Haversian system a unit of bone
    - - Traversian canal carries blood vessels and nerves
    - - Nolkmans camaral
      - Canal perpendicular to the central canal
      - Carries blood vessels and nerves
    - - Cavities containing bone cells
      - Lamellae rings are around the central canal sites of lacunae
    - - Tiny canals radiating from lacunae
- - - - Function
        
        Support
        
        Provides hard framework
        
        Protection
        
        Soft organs
        
        Movement
        
        Due to attached skeletal muscles
        
        Storage
        
        Minerals and fats
        
        Blood cell formation
        
        Bone contain red marrow
        
        Classification of bone
        
        Long bones typically longer that wide
        
        Have a shaft with heads at both ends
      - Example
        
        Long bone
        
        Femur, humerus, radius, ulna, metatarsal, metacarpals
        
        Short bone
        
        Carpals, tarsals, patella, calcaneus
        
        Flat bone
        
        Thin flattened usually covered
        
        Skull bone
        
        Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
        
        Irregular bone
        
        Mandible, ribs, sternum, lower jaw, scapula
      - Parts
        
        Cartilage
        
        Surround ends of bone, reduces friction
        
        Ligament
        
        Connects bone to bone
        
        Joints
        
        Connection of two or more bone
        
        Axial
        
        Skeleton bones of face and skull, vertebrae,sternum,ribs,sacrum
        
        Bones
        
        The skeleton has 206 bones
        
        Appendicular
        
        Skeleton bones of pectoral and pelvic girdle, extremities arms and legs bones of hand and feet
  - - - Very large, irregular shaped process small, round projections or processes raised area above or console sharp slender, pointed projection
    - - Narrow ridge bone
    - - Large round projection
    - - Narrow ridge thinner than crest
    - - Grow out of bone surface
      - Site of muscle and ligament
    - - Any bony projection help form joints
    - - Armlike of bar of bone
    - - Round articular projection
    - - Being expansion carried an narrow neck
    - - Almost flat surface far bone attachment
    - - Or indentations
    - - Allows passage of blood vessel or nerve
    - - Canal-like passage away
    - - Cavity within bone filled with air lined with mucus membrane
    - - Shallow basing line depression
    - - Narrow slit-like opening
    - - Round or oval opening through bone
- - - - Blood filled swelling caused by the broken blood vessels depries bone cells of nutrients and die
    - - Mass of repair tissue forms a splint to close the gap in
    - - Bone is set realigned and immobiliazed by Cast or traction
    - - Replaces fibrocartilage callus by actions of osteoblast and osteoclasts
      - Bony callus is remoledelled to form a permanent portion
- - - - Medial of eye socket
    - - Wall of nasal cavity
    - - Together with maxilla forms palate roof of mouth
    - - Midline of nasal cavity
    - - Nose
    - - Attachment for tongue muscle
    - - Cheek bone
    - - C1-C7 (neck)
      - Atlas-C1
      - Axis C2
    - - Lower jaw
    - - Upper jaw bone
    - - Between parietal bones
    - - Between frontal and parietal bones
    - - Between occipital and parietal bones
    - - Between two parietal bones
    - - Forms root of nasal cavity and radial portion of orbital cavity
    - - Forms floor of skull
    - - Back of head
    - - Above ear
    - - Top sides of head
    - - Forehead
    - - Encloses and protects fragile brain
    - - Thoracic
        
        C1T-C2T upper back
      - Sacrum
        
        5 fused small of back between coxal bone
      - Coccyx
        
        4 fused tail bone
      - Lumbar
        
        Lower back
      - Ribs
        
        First 7 pairs attach directly to sternum to form rib cage true ribs
        
        False ribs 5 pairs not attached to sternum
        
        Floating ribs have 2 pairs of false ribs no sternal attachment