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ETC + OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (sequentially acting e- carriers!! (when…
ETC + OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
reduction potentials (rmb!!)
NADH = -0.32V (higher E lvl)
OXYGEN = +0.82V
(hence NADH more readily donates e-)
NADH = 3ATP [I]
FADH2 = 2ATP [III, IV]
occurs in the mitochondrion (IMM)
TCA produces NADH and FADH2
very -ve reduction potential
transferred to the ETC
creates energy to be used by
oxidative phosphorylation
which produces ATP
sequentially acting
e- carriers
!!
[III]
ubiquinone (coenzyme Q)
: mobile e- carrier in the IMM
[IV]
cytochrome A, B, C
: contain haem group w iron, reduced (gain e-, Fe2+) or oxidised (lose e-, Fe3+)
cytochrome C is mobile!!
PROTEIN COMPLEX
(3 are
proton pumps
)
I - proton pump
II
III - proton pump
IV - proton pump
V (
ATP synthase
)
proton pumps: pumps proton out of matrix, across the IMM and into the inter-membranous space - generates a
proton gradient
when the protons/electron pass back through
ATP synthase [V]
, it changes conformation and then recruits ADP + Pi to produce ATP; reduces O2 and forms H2O
large transmembrane protein
multimeric complex (lots of subunits)
electrochemical proton gradient drives the H+ back through the transporter to give energy to produce ATP
passes the e- from NADH/FADH2 to the O2 (forming H2O)
POISONS
CN: binds to IV and prevents further transport of e-
Rotenone: binds to I, NADH can't bind to it
Antimycin A: binds to II
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
arsenate
, they bind and therefore no formation of NADH
spontaneously forms 3-PGA
arsenit
: most damaging in TCA cycle as it binds to lipoic acid (which is v important in enzyme functioning) - blocks the formation of Acetyl CoA
ETC activated by high ADP + Pi